# SD Pull-up Requirements

[中文]

Espressif hardware products are designed for multiple use cases which may require different pull states on pins. For this reason, the pull state of particular pins on certain products needs to be adjusted to provide the pull-ups required in the SD bus.

SD pull-up requirements apply to cases where ESP32-S31 uses the SPI or SDMMC controller to communicate with SD cards. When an SD card is operating in SPI mode or 1-bit SD mode, the CMD and DATA (DAT0 - DAT3) lines of the SD bus must be pulled up by 10 kΩ resistors. SD cards and SDIO devices should also have pull-ups on all above-mentioned lines (regardless of whether these lines are connected to the host) in order to prevent them from entering a wrong state.

This document has the following structure:

- Overview of Compatibility between the default pull states on pins of Espressif's products and the states required by the SD bus

- Solutions - ideas on how to resolve compatibility issues

- Related Information - other relevant information

## Overview of Compatibility

This section provides an overview of compatibility issues that might occur when using SDIO (secure digital input output). Since the SD bus needs to be connected to pull-ups, these issues should be resolved regardless of whether they are related to master (host) or slave (device). Each issue has links to its respective solution. A solution for a host and device may differ.

## Solutions

### No Pull-ups

When using a development board without pull-ups:

- If your host and slave device are on separate boards, replace one of them with a board that has pull-ups.

- Attach external pull-ups by connecting each pin which requires a pull-up to VDD via a 10 kΩ resistor.

## Related Information

### Internal Pull-ups and Strapping Requirements

Using external resistors is always preferable. However, Espressif's products have internal weak pull-up and pull-down resistors which can be enabled and used instead of external ones. Please keep in mind that this solution can not guarantee reliable SDIO communication.

Generally it's not recommended to reuse strapping pins for SDIO purposes. The pullup and pulldown requirements of SD and strapping may conflict with each other. See datasheet for the strapping pins of {IDF_TARGET}.

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