# GPIO & RTC GPIO

[中文]

## GPIO Summary

The ESP32-S3 chip features 45 physical GPIO pins (GPIO0 ~ GPIO21 and GPIO26 ~ GPIO48). Each pin can be used as a general-purpose I/O, or be connected to an internal peripheral signal. Through GPIO matrix, IO MUX, and RTC IO MUX, peripheral input signals can be from any GPIO pin, and peripheral output signals can be routed to any GPIO pin. Together these modules provide highly configurable I/O. For more details, see ESP32-S3 Technical Reference Manual > IO MUX and GPIO Matrix (GPIO, IO_MUX) [PDF].

The table below provides more information on pin usage, and please note the comments in the table for GPIOs with restrictions.

GPIO | Analog Function | RTC GPIO | Comment
--- | --- | --- | ---
GPIO0 |  | RTC_GPIO0 | Strapping pin
GPIO1 | ADC1_CH0 | RTC_GPIO1 |
GPIO2 | ADC1_CH1 | RTC_GPIO2 |
GPIO3 | ADC1_CH2 | RTC_GPIO3 | Strapping pin
GPIO4 | ADC1_CH3 | RTC_GPIO4 |
GPIO5 | ADC1_CH4 | RTC_GPIO5 |
GPIO6 | ADC1_CH5 | RTC_GPIO6 |
GPIO7 | ADC1_CH6 | RTC_GPIO7 |
GPIO8 | ADC1_CH7 | RTC_GPIO8 |
GPIO9 | ADC1_CH8 | RTC_GPIO9 |
GPIO10 | ADC1_CH9 | RTC_GPIO10 |
GPIO11 | ADC2_CH0 | RTC_GPIO11 |
GPIO12 | ADC2_CH1 | RTC_GPIO12 |
GPIO13 | ADC2_CH2 | RTC_GPIO13 |
GPIO14 | ADC2_CH3 | RTC_GPIO14 |
GPIO15 | ADC2_CH4 | RTC_GPIO15 |
GPIO16 | ADC2_CH5 | RTC_GPIO16 |
GPIO17 | ADC2_CH6 | RTC_GPIO17 |
GPIO18 | ADC2_CH7 | RTC_GPIO18 |
GPIO19 | ADC2_CH8 | RTC_GPIO19 | USB-JTAG
GPIO20 | ADC2_CH9 | RTC_GPIO20 | USB-JTAG
GPIO21 |  | RTC_GPIO21 |
GPIO26 |  |  | SPI0/1
GPIO27 |  |  | SPI0/1
GPIO28 |  |  | SPI0/1
GPIO29 |  |  | SPI0/1
GPIO30 |  |  | SPI0/1
GPIO31 |  |  | SPI0/1
GPIO32 |  |  | SPI0/1
GPIO33 |  |  | SPI0/1
GPIO34 |  |  | SPI0/1
GPIO35 |  |  | SPI0/1
GPIO36 |  |  | SPI0/1
GPIO37 |  |  | SPI0/1
GPIO38 |  |  |
GPIO39 |  |  |
GPIO40 |  |  |
GPIO41 |  |  |
GPIO42 |  |  |
GPIO43 |  |  |
GPIO44 |  |  |
GPIO45 |  |  | Strapping pin
GPIO46 |  |  | Strapping pin
GPIO47 |  |  |
GPIO48 |  |  |

Note

- Strapping pin: GPIO0, GPIO3, GPIO45 and GPIO46 are strapping pins. For more information, please refer to ESP32-S3 datasheet.

- SPI0/1: GPIO26 ~ GPIO32 are usually used for SPI flash and PSRAM and not recommended for other uses. When using Octal flash or Octal PSRAM or both, GPIO33 ~ GPIO37 are connected to SPIIO4 ~ SPIIO7 and SPIDQS. Therefore, on boards embedded with ESP32-S3R8 / ESP32-S3R8V chip, GPIO33 ~ GPIO37 are also not recommended for other uses.

- USB-JTAG: GPIO19 and GPIO20 are used by USB-JTAG by default. If they are reconfigured to operate as normal GPIOs, USB-JTAG functionality will be disabled.

There is also separate "RTC GPIO" support, which functions when GPIOs are routed to the "RTC" low-power and analog subsystem. These pin functions can be used when:

- In Deep-sleep mode

- The Ultra Low Power FSM co-processor is running

- The Ultra Low Power RISC-V co-processor is running

- Analog functions such as ADC/DAC/etc are in use

## IO Configuration

An IO can be used in two ways:

- As a simple GPIO input to read the level on the pin, or as a simple GPIO output to output the desired level on the pin.

- As a peripheral signal input/output.

IDF peripheral drivers always take care of the necessary IO configurations that need to be applied onto the pins, so that they can be used as the peripheral signal inputs or outputs. This means the users usually only need to be responsible for configuring the IOs as simple inputs or outputs. `gpio_config()` is an all-in-one API that can be used to configure the I/O mode, internal pull-up/pull-down resistors, etc. for pins.

In some applications, an IO pin can serve dual purposes. For example, the IO, which outputs a LEDC PWM signal, can also act as a GPIO input to generate interrupts or GPIO ETM events. Careful handling on the configuration step is necessary for such dual use of IO pins cases. `gpio_config()` is an API that overwrites all the current configurations, so it must be called to set the pin mode to `gpio_mode_t::GPIO_MODE_INPUT` before calling the LEDC driver API which connects the output signal to the pin. As an alternative, if no other configuration is needed other than making the pin input enabled, `gpio_input_enable()` can be the one to call at any time to achieve the same purpose.

## Check Current Configuration of IOs

GPIO driver offers a dump function `gpio_dump_io_configuration()` to show the current configurations of IOs, such as pull-up/pull-down, input/output enable, pin mapping, etc. Below is an example of how to dump the configuration of GPIO4, GPIO18, and GPIO26:

    gpio_dump_io_configuration(stdout, (1ULL << 4) | (1ULL << 18) | (1ULL << 26));

The dump will be like this:

    ================IO DUMP Start================
    IO[4] -
      Pullup: 1, Pulldown: 0, DriveCap: 2
      InputEn: 1, OutputEn: 0, OpenDrain: 0
      FuncSel: 1 (GPIO)
      GPIO Matrix SigIn ID: (simple GPIO input)
      SleepSelEn: 1

    IO[18] -
      Pullup: 0, Pulldown: 0, DriveCap: 2
      InputEn: 0, OutputEn: 1, OpenDrain: 0
      FuncSel: 1 (GPIO)
      GPIO Matrix SigOut ID: 256 (simple GPIO output)
      SleepSelEn: 1

    IO[26] **RESERVED** -
      Pullup: 1, Pulldown: 0, DriveCap: 2
      InputEn: 1, OutputEn: 0, OpenDrain: 0
      FuncSel: 0 (IOMUX)
      SleepSelEn: 1

    =================IO DUMP End==================

In addition, if you would like to dump the configurations of all IOs, you can use:

    gpio_dump_io_configuration(stdout, SOC_GPIO_VALID_GPIO_MASK);

If an IO pin is routed to a peripheral signal through the GPIO matrix, the signal ID printed in the dump information is defined in the soc/esp32s3/include/soc/gpio_sig_map.h header file. The word `**RESERVED**` indicates the IO is occupied by either SPI flash or PSRAM. It is strongly not recommended to reconfigure them for other application purposes.

Do not rely on the default configurations values in the Technical Reference Manual, because it may be changed in the bootloader or application startup code before app_main.

## Configure USB PHY Pins to GPIO

To configure the USB PHY pins to GPIO, you can use the function `gpio_config()`. Below is an example of how to configure the USB PHY pins to GPIO:

    gpio_config_t usb_phy_conf = {
        .pin_bit_mask = (1ULL << USB_PHY_DP_PIN) | (1ULL << USB_PHY_DM_PIN),
        .mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT_OUTPUT,
        .pull_up_en = 0,
        .pull_down_en = 0,
        .intr_type = GPIO_INTR_DISABLE,
    };
    gpio_config(&usb_phy_conf);

## GPIO Glitch Filter

The ESP32-S3 chip features hardware filters to remove unwanted glitch pulses from the input GPIO, which can help reduce false triggering of the interrupt and prevent a noise being routed to the peripheral side.

Each GPIO can be configured with a glitch filter, which can be used to filter out pulses shorter than two sample clock cycles. The duration of the filter is not configurable. The sample clock is the clock source of the IO_MUX. In the driver, we call this kind of filter as `pin glitch filter`. You can create the filter handle by calling `gpio_new_pin_glitch_filter()`. All the configurations for a pin glitch filter are listed in the `gpio_pin_glitch_filter_config_t` structure.

- `gpio_pin_glitch_filter_config_t::gpio_num` sets the GPIO number to enable the glitch filter.

The glitch filter is disabled by default, and can be enabled by calling `gpio_glitch_filter_enable()`. To recycle the filter, you can call `gpio_del_glitch_filter()`. Please note, before deleting the filter, you should disable it first by calling `gpio_glitch_filter_disable()`.

## Application Example

- peripherals/gpio/generic_gpio demonstrates how to configure GPIO to generate pulses and use it with interruption.

## API Reference - Normal GPIO

### Header File

- components/esp_driver_gpio/include/driver/gpio.h

- This header file can be included with:

  >     #include "driver/gpio.h"

- This header file is a part of the API provided by the `esp_driver_gpio` component. To declare that your component depends on `esp_driver_gpio`, add the following to your CMakeLists.txt:

  >     REQUIRES esp_driver_gpio

  > or

  >     PRIV_REQUIRES esp_driver_gpio

### Functions

esp_err_t gpio_config(const gpio_config_t *pGPIOConfig)

  GPIO common configuration.

         Configure GPIO's Mode,pull-up,PullDown,IntrType

  Note

  This function always overwrite all the current IO configurations

  Parameters:

    pGPIOConfig -- Pointer to GPIO configure struct

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG Parameter error

esp_err_t gpio_reset_pin(gpio_num_t gpio_num)

  Reset an gpio to default state (select gpio function, enable pullup and disable input and output).

  Note

  This function also configures the IOMUX for this pin to the GPIO function, and disconnects any other peripheral output configured via GPIO Matrix.

  Parameters:

    gpio_num -- GPIO number.

  Returns:

    Always return ESP_OK.

esp_err_t gpio_set_intr_type(gpio_num_t gpio_num, gpio_int_type_t intr_type)

  GPIO set interrupt trigger type.

  Parameters:

    - gpio_num -- GPIO number. If you want to set the trigger type of e.g. of GPIO16, gpio_num should be GPIO_NUM_16 (16);

    - intr_type -- Interrupt type, select from gpio_int_type_t

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG Parameter error

esp_err_t gpio_intr_enable(gpio_num_t gpio_num)

  Enable GPIO module interrupt signal.

  Note

  ESP32: Please do not use the interrupt of GPIO36 and GPIO39 when using ADC or Wi-Fi and Bluetooth with sleep mode enabled. Please refer to the comments of `adc1_get_raw`. Please refer to Section 3.11 of ESP32 ECO and Workarounds for Bugs for the description of this issue.

  Parameters:

    gpio_num -- GPIO number. If you want to enable an interrupt on e.g. GPIO16, gpio_num should be GPIO_NUM_16 (16);

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG Parameter error

esp_err_t gpio_intr_disable(gpio_num_t gpio_num)

  Disable GPIO module interrupt signal.

  Note

  This function is allowed to be executed when Cache is disabled within ISR context, by enabling `CONFIG_GPIO_CTRL_FUNC_IN_IRAM`

  Parameters:

    gpio_num -- GPIO number. If you want to disable the interrupt of e.g. GPIO16, gpio_num should be GPIO_NUM_16 (16);

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG Parameter error

esp_err_t gpio_set_level(gpio_num_t gpio_num, uint32_t level)

  GPIO set output level.

  Note

  This function is allowed to be executed when Cache is disabled within ISR context, by enabling `CONFIG_GPIO_CTRL_FUNC_IN_IRAM`

  Parameters:

    - gpio_num -- GPIO number. If you want to set the output level of e.g. GPIO16, gpio_num should be GPIO_NUM_16 (16);

    - level -- Output level. 0: low ; 1: high

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG GPIO number error

int gpio_get_level(gpio_num_t gpio_num)

  GPIO get input level.

  Warning

  If the pad is not configured for input (or input and output) the returned value is always 0.

  Parameters:

    gpio_num -- GPIO number. If you want to get the logic level of e.g. pin GPIO16, gpio_num should be GPIO_NUM_16 (16);

  Returns:

    - 0 the GPIO input level is 0

    - 1 the GPIO input level is 1

esp_err_t gpio_set_direction(gpio_num_t gpio_num, gpio_mode_t mode)

  GPIO set direction.

  Configure GPIO mode,such as output_only,input_only,output_and_input

  Note

  This function always overwrite all the current modes that have applied on the IO pin

  Parameters:

    - gpio_num -- Configure GPIO pins number, it should be GPIO number. If you want to set direction of e.g. GPIO16, gpio_num should be GPIO_NUM_16 (16);

    - mode -- GPIO direction

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG GPIO error

esp_err_t gpio_input_enable(gpio_num_t gpio_num)

  Enable input for an IO.

  Parameters:

    gpio_num -- GPIO number

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG GPIO number error

esp_err_t gpio_set_pull_mode(gpio_num_t gpio_num, gpio_pull_mode_t pull)

  Configure GPIO internal pull-up/pull-down resistors.

  Note

  This function always overwrite the current pull-up/pull-down configurations

  Note

  ESP32: Only pins that support both input & output have integrated pull-up and pull-down resistors. Input-only GPIOs 34-39 do not.

  Parameters:

    - gpio_num -- GPIO number. If you want to set pull up or down mode for e.g. GPIO16, gpio_num should be GPIO_NUM_16 (16);

    - pull -- GPIO pull up/down mode.

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG : Parameter error

esp_err_t gpio_wakeup_enable(gpio_num_t gpio_num, gpio_int_type_t intr_type)

  Enable GPIO wake-up function.

  Parameters:

    - gpio_num -- GPIO number.

    - intr_type -- GPIO wake-up type. Only GPIO_INTR_LOW_LEVEL or GPIO_INTR_HIGH_LEVEL can be used.

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG Parameter error

esp_err_t gpio_wakeup_disable(gpio_num_t gpio_num)

  Disable GPIO wake-up function.

  Parameters:

    gpio_num -- GPIO number

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG Parameter error

esp_err_t gpio_isr_register(void (*fn)(void*), void *arg, int intr_alloc_flags, gpio_isr_handle_t *handle)

  Register GPIO interrupt handler, the handler is an ISR. The handler will be attached to the same CPU core that this function is running on.

  This ISR function is called whenever any GPIO interrupt occurs. See the alternative gpio_install_isr_service() and gpio_isr_handler_add() API in order to have the driver support per-GPIO ISRs.

  To disable or remove the ISR, pass the returned handle to the interrupt allocation functions.

  Parameters:

    - fn -- Interrupt handler function.

    - arg -- Parameter for handler function

    - intr_alloc_flags -- Flags used to allocate the interrupt. One or multiple (ORred) ESP_INTR_FLAG_* values. See esp_intr_alloc.h for more info.

    - handle -- Pointer to return handle. If non-NULL, a handle for the interrupt will be returned here.

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success ;

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG GPIO error

    - ESP_ERR_NOT_FOUND No free interrupt found with the specified flags

esp_err_t gpio_pullup_en(gpio_num_t gpio_num)

  Enable pull-up on GPIO.

  Parameters:

    gpio_num -- GPIO number

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG Parameter error

esp_err_t gpio_pullup_dis(gpio_num_t gpio_num)

  Disable pull-up on GPIO.

  Parameters:

    gpio_num -- GPIO number

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG Parameter error

esp_err_t gpio_pulldown_en(gpio_num_t gpio_num)

  Enable pull-down on GPIO.

  Parameters:

    gpio_num -- GPIO number

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG Parameter error

esp_err_t gpio_pulldown_dis(gpio_num_t gpio_num)

  Disable pull-down on GPIO.

  Parameters:

    gpio_num -- GPIO number

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG Parameter error

esp_err_t gpio_install_isr_service(int intr_alloc_flags)

  Install the GPIO driver's ETS_GPIO_INTR_SOURCE ISR handler service, which allows per-pin GPIO interrupt handlers.

  This function is incompatible with gpio_isr_register() - if that function is used, a single global ISR is registered for all GPIO interrupts. If this function is used, the ISR service provides a global GPIO ISR and individual pin handlers are registered via the gpio_isr_handler_add() function.

  Parameters:

    intr_alloc_flags -- Flags used to allocate the interrupt. One or multiple (ORred) ESP_INTR_FLAG_* values. See esp_intr_alloc.h for more info.

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_NO_MEM No memory to install this service

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE ISR service already installed.

    - ESP_ERR_NOT_FOUND No free interrupt found with the specified flags

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG GPIO error

void gpio_uninstall_isr_service(void)

  Uninstall the driver's GPIO ISR service, freeing related resources.

esp_err_t gpio_isr_handler_add(gpio_num_t gpio_num, gpio_isr_t isr_handler, void *args)

  Add ISR handler for the corresponding GPIO pin.

  Call this function after using gpio_install_isr_service() to install the driver's GPIO ISR handler service.

  The pin ISR handlers no longer need to be declared with IRAM_ATTR, unless you pass the ESP_INTR_FLAG_IRAM flag when allocating the ISR in gpio_install_isr_service().

  This ISR handler will be called from an ISR. So there is a stack size limit (configurable as "ISR stack size" in menuconfig). This limit is smaller compared to a global GPIO interrupt handler due to the additional level of indirection.

  Parameters:

    - gpio_num -- GPIO number

    - isr_handler -- ISR handler function for the corresponding GPIO number.

    - args -- parameter for ISR handler.

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE Wrong state, the ISR service has not been initialized.

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG Parameter error

esp_err_t gpio_isr_handler_remove(gpio_num_t gpio_num)

  Remove ISR handler for the corresponding GPIO pin.

  Parameters:

    gpio_num -- GPIO number

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE Wrong state, the ISR service has not been initialized.

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG Parameter error

esp_err_t gpio_set_drive_capability(gpio_num_t gpio_num, gpio_drive_cap_t strength)

  Set GPIO pad drive capability.

  Parameters:

    - gpio_num -- GPIO number, only support output GPIOs

    - strength -- Drive capability of the pad

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG Parameter error

esp_err_t gpio_get_drive_capability(gpio_num_t gpio_num, gpio_drive_cap_t *strength)

  Get GPIO pad drive capability.

  Parameters:

    - gpio_num -- GPIO number, only support output GPIOs

    - strength -- Pointer to accept drive capability of the pad

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG Parameter error

esp_err_t gpio_hold_en(gpio_num_t gpio_num)

  Enable gpio pad hold function.

  When a GPIO is set to hold, its state is latched at that moment and will not change when the internal signal or the IO MUX/GPIO configuration is modified (including input enable, output enable, output value, function, and drive strength values). This function can be used to retain the state of GPIOs when the power domain of where GPIO/IOMUX belongs to becomes off. For example, chip or system is reset (e.g. watchdog time-out, Deep-sleep events are triggered), or peripheral power-down in Light-sleep.

  This function works in both input and output modes, and only applicable to output-capable GPIOs. If this function is enabled: in output mode: the output level of the GPIO will be locked and can not be changed. in input mode: the input read value can still reflect the changes of the input signal.

  Power down or call `gpio_hold_dis` will disable this function.

  Please be aware that,

  1. USB pads cannot hold at low level after waking up from Deep-sleep. The USB related registers are reset, so the USB pull-up is back.

  2. For ESP32-P4 rev < 3.0, the states of IOs can not be hold after waking up from Deep-sleep.

  3. For ESP32/S2/C3/S3/C2, this function cannot be used to hold the state of a digital GPIO during Deep-sleep. Even if this function is enabled, the digital GPIO will be reset to its default state when the chip wakes up from Deep-sleep. If you want to hold the state of a digital GPIO during Deep-sleep, please call `gpio_deep_sleep_hold_en`.

  Parameters:

    gpio_num -- GPIO number, only support output-capable GPIOs

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED Not support pad hold function

esp_err_t gpio_hold_dis(gpio_num_t gpio_num)

  Disable gpio pad hold function.

  When the chip is woken up from peripheral power-down sleep, the gpio will be set to the default mode, so, the gpio will output the default level if this function is called. If you don't want the level changes, the gpio should be configured to a known state before this function is called. e.g. If you hold gpio18 high during Deep-sleep, after the chip is woken up and `gpio_hold_dis` is called, gpio18 will output low level(because gpio18 is input mode by default). If you don't want this behavior, you should configure gpio18 as output mode and set it to high level before calling `gpio_hold_dis`.

  Parameters:

    gpio_num -- GPIO number, only support output-capable GPIOs

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED Not support pad hold function

void gpio_deep_sleep_hold_en(void)

  Enable all digital gpio pads hold function during Deep-sleep.

  Enabling this feature makes all digital gpio pads be at the holding state during Deep-sleep. The state of each pad holds is its active configuration (not pad's sleep configuration!).

  Note:

  1. For digital IO, this API takes effect only if the corresponding digital IO pad hold function has been enabled. You can enable the GPIO pad hold function by calling `gpio_hold_en`. has been enabled. You can call `gpio_hold_en` to enable the gpio pad hold function.

  2. Though this API targets all digital IOs, the pad hold feature only works when the chip is in Deep-sleep mode. When the chip is in active mode, the digital GPIO state can be changed freely even if you have called this function, except for IOs that are already held by `gpio_hold_en`.

  After this API is being called, the digital gpio Deep-sleep hold feature will work during every sleep process. You should call `gpio_deep_sleep_hold_dis` to disable this feature.

void gpio_deep_sleep_hold_dis(void)

  Disable all digital gpio pads hold function during Deep-sleep.

void gpio_iomux_in(uint32_t gpio_num, uint32_t signal_idx)

  SOC_GPIO_SUPPORT_HOLD_SINGLE_IO_IN_DSLP.

  Set pad input to a peripheral signal through the IOMUX.

  Parameters:

    - gpio_num -- GPIO number of the pad.

    - signal_idx -- Peripheral signal id to input. One of the `*_IN_IDX` signals in `soc/gpio_sig_map.h`.

void gpio_iomux_out(uint8_t gpio_num, int func, bool out_en_inv)

  Set peripheral output to an GPIO pad through the IOMUX.

  Parameters:

    - gpio_num -- gpio_num GPIO number of the pad.

    - func -- The function number of the peripheral pin to output pin. One of the `FUNC_X_*` of specified pin (X) in `soc/io_mux_reg.h`.

    - out_en_inv -- True if the output enable needs to be inverted, otherwise False.

esp_err_t gpio_force_hold_all(void)

  Force hold all digital and rtc gpio pads.

  GPIO force hold, no matter the chip in active mode or sleep modes.

  This function will immediately cause all pads to latch the current values of input enable, output enable, output value, function, and drive strength values.

  Warning

  1. This function will hold flash and UART pins as well. Therefore, this function, and all code run afterwards (till calling `gpio_force_unhold_all` to disable this feature), MUST be placed in internal RAM as holding the flash pins will halt SPI flash operation, and holding the UART pins will halt any UART logging.

  2. The hold state of all pads will be cancelled during ROM boot, so it is not recommended to use this API to hold the pads state during deepsleep and reset.

esp_err_t gpio_force_unhold_all(void)

  Unhold all digital and rtc gpio pads.

  Note

  The global hold signal and the hold signal of each IO act on the PAD through 'or' logic, so if a pad has already been configured to hold by `gpio_hold_en`, this API can't release its hold state.

esp_err_t gpio_sleep_sel_en(gpio_num_t gpio_num)

  Enable SLP_SEL to change GPIO status automantically in lightsleep.

  Parameters:

    gpio_num -- GPIO number of the pad.

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

esp_err_t gpio_sleep_sel_dis(gpio_num_t gpio_num)

  Disable SLP_SEL to change GPIO status automantically in lightsleep.

  Parameters:

    gpio_num -- GPIO number of the pad.

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

esp_err_t gpio_sleep_set_direction(gpio_num_t gpio_num, gpio_mode_t mode)

  GPIO set direction at sleep.

  Configure GPIO direction,such as output_only,input_only,output_and_input

  Parameters:

    - gpio_num -- Configure GPIO pins number, it should be GPIO number. If you want to set direction of e.g. GPIO16, gpio_num should be GPIO_NUM_16 (16);

    - mode -- GPIO direction

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG GPIO error

esp_err_t gpio_sleep_set_pull_mode(gpio_num_t gpio_num, gpio_pull_mode_t pull)

  Configure GPIO pull-up/pull-down resistors at sleep.

  Note

  ESP32: Only pins that support both input & output have integrated pull-up and pull-down resistors. Input-only GPIOs 34-39 do not.

  Parameters:

    - gpio_num -- GPIO number. If you want to set pull up or down mode for e.g. GPIO16, gpio_num should be GPIO_NUM_16 (16);

    - pull -- GPIO pull up/down mode.

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG : Parameter error

esp_err_t gpio_dump_io_configuration(FILE *out_stream, uint64_t io_bit_mask)

  Dump IO configuration information to console.

  Parameters:

    - out_stream -- IO stream (e.g. stdout)

    - io_bit_mask -- IO pin bit mask, each bit maps to an IO

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG Parameter error

### Structures

struct gpio_config_t

  Configuration parameters of GPIO pad for gpio_config function.

  Public Members

  uint64_t pin_bit_mask

    GPIO pin: set with bit mask, each bit maps to a GPIO

  gpio_mode_t mode

    GPIO mode: set input/output mode

  gpio_pullup_t pull_up_en

    GPIO pull-up

  gpio_pulldown_t pull_down_en

    GPIO pull-down

  gpio_int_type_t intr_type

    GPIO interrupt type

### Macros

GPIO_PIN_COUNT

GPIO_IS_VALID_GPIO(gpio_num)

  Check whether it is a valid GPIO number.

GPIO_IS_VALID_OUTPUT_GPIO(gpio_num)

  Check whether it can be a valid GPIO number of output mode.

GPIO_IS_VALID_DIGITAL_IO_PAD(gpio_num)

  Check whether it can be a valid digital I/O pad.

### Type Definitions

typedef intr_handle_t gpio_isr_handle_t

typedef void (*gpio_isr_t)(void *arg)

  GPIO interrupt handler.

  Param arg:

    User registered data

### Header File

- components/hal/include/hal/gpio_types.h

- This header file can be included with:

  >     #include "hal/gpio_types.h"

### Macros

GPIO_PIN_REG_0

GPIO_PIN_REG_1

GPIO_PIN_REG_2

GPIO_PIN_REG_3

GPIO_PIN_REG_4

GPIO_PIN_REG_5

GPIO_PIN_REG_6

GPIO_PIN_REG_7

GPIO_PIN_REG_8

GPIO_PIN_REG_9

GPIO_PIN_REG_10

GPIO_PIN_REG_11

GPIO_PIN_REG_12

GPIO_PIN_REG_13

GPIO_PIN_REG_14

GPIO_PIN_REG_15

GPIO_PIN_REG_16

GPIO_PIN_REG_17

GPIO_PIN_REG_18

GPIO_PIN_REG_19

GPIO_PIN_REG_20

GPIO_PIN_REG_21

GPIO_PIN_REG_22

GPIO_PIN_REG_23

GPIO_PIN_REG_24

GPIO_PIN_REG_25

GPIO_PIN_REG_26

GPIO_PIN_REG_27

GPIO_PIN_REG_28

GPIO_PIN_REG_29

GPIO_PIN_REG_30

GPIO_PIN_REG_31

GPIO_PIN_REG_32

GPIO_PIN_REG_33

GPIO_PIN_REG_34

GPIO_PIN_REG_35

GPIO_PIN_REG_36

GPIO_PIN_REG_37

GPIO_PIN_REG_38

GPIO_PIN_REG_39

GPIO_PIN_REG_40

GPIO_PIN_REG_41

GPIO_PIN_REG_42

GPIO_PIN_REG_43

GPIO_PIN_REG_44

GPIO_PIN_REG_45

GPIO_PIN_REG_46

GPIO_PIN_REG_47

GPIO_PIN_REG_48

GPIO_PIN_REG_49

GPIO_PIN_REG_50

GPIO_PIN_REG_51

GPIO_PIN_REG_52

GPIO_PIN_REG_53

GPIO_PIN_REG_54

### Enumerations

enum gpio_port_t

  Values:

  enumerator GPIO_PORT_0
  enumerator GPIO_PORT_MAX

enum gpio_int_type_t

  Values:

  enumerator GPIO_INTR_DISABLE

    Disable GPIO interrupt

  enumerator GPIO_INTR_POSEDGE

    GPIO interrupt type : rising edge

  enumerator GPIO_INTR_NEGEDGE

    GPIO interrupt type : falling edge

  enumerator GPIO_INTR_ANYEDGE

    GPIO interrupt type : both rising and falling edge

  enumerator GPIO_INTR_LOW_LEVEL

    GPIO interrupt type : input low level trigger

  enumerator GPIO_INTR_HIGH_LEVEL

    GPIO interrupt type : input high level trigger

  enumerator GPIO_INTR_MAX

enum gpio_mode_t

  Values:

  enumerator GPIO_MODE_DISABLE

    GPIO mode : disable input and output

  enumerator GPIO_MODE_INPUT

    GPIO mode : input only

  enumerator GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT

    GPIO mode : output only mode

  enumerator GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_OD

    GPIO mode : output only with open-drain mode

  enumerator GPIO_MODE_INPUT_OUTPUT_OD

    GPIO mode : output and input with open-drain mode

  enumerator GPIO_MODE_INPUT_OUTPUT

    GPIO mode : output and input mode

enum gpio_pullup_t

  Values:

  enumerator GPIO_PULLUP_DISABLE

    Disable GPIO pull-up resistor

  enumerator GPIO_PULLUP_ENABLE

    Enable GPIO pull-up resistor

enum gpio_pulldown_t

  Values:

  enumerator GPIO_PULLDOWN_DISABLE

    Disable GPIO pull-down resistor

  enumerator GPIO_PULLDOWN_ENABLE

    Enable GPIO pull-down resistor

enum gpio_pull_mode_t

  Values:

  enumerator GPIO_PULLUP_ONLY

    Pad pull up

  enumerator GPIO_PULLDOWN_ONLY

    Pad pull down

  enumerator GPIO_PULLUP_PULLDOWN

    Pad pull up + pull down

  enumerator GPIO_FLOATING

    Pad floating

enum gpio_drive_cap_t

  Values:

  enumerator GPIO_DRIVE_CAP_0

    Pad drive capability: weak

  enumerator GPIO_DRIVE_CAP_1

    Pad drive capability: stronger

  enumerator GPIO_DRIVE_CAP_2

    Pad drive capability: medium

  enumerator GPIO_DRIVE_CAP_DEFAULT

    Pad drive capability: medium

  enumerator GPIO_DRIVE_CAP_3

    Pad drive capability: strongest

  enumerator GPIO_DRIVE_CAP_MAX

## API Reference - RTC GPIO

### Header File

- components/esp_driver_gpio/include/driver/rtc_io.h

- This header file can be included with:

  >     #include "driver/rtc_io.h"

- This header file is a part of the API provided by the `esp_driver_gpio` component. To declare that your component depends on `esp_driver_gpio`, add the following to your CMakeLists.txt:

  >     REQUIRES esp_driver_gpio

  > or

  >     PRIV_REQUIRES esp_driver_gpio

### Functions

bool rtc_gpio_is_valid_gpio(gpio_num_t gpio_num)

  Determine if the specified GPIO is a valid RTC GPIO.

  Parameters:

    gpio_num -- GPIO number

  Returns:

    true if GPIO is valid for RTC GPIO use. false otherwise.

int rtc_io_number_get(gpio_num_t gpio_num)

  Get RTC IO index number by gpio number.

  Parameters:

    gpio_num -- GPIO number

  Returns:

    >=0: Index of rtcio. -1 : The gpio is not rtcio.

esp_err_t rtc_gpio_init(gpio_num_t gpio_num)

  Init a GPIO as RTC GPIO.

  This function must be called when initializing a pad for an analog function.

  Parameters:

    gpio_num -- GPIO number (e.g. GPIO_NUM_12)

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG GPIO is not an RTC IO

esp_err_t rtc_gpio_deinit(gpio_num_t gpio_num)

  Init a GPIO as digital GPIO.

  Parameters:

    gpio_num -- GPIO number (e.g. GPIO_NUM_12)

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG GPIO is not an RTC IO

uint32_t rtc_gpio_get_level(gpio_num_t gpio_num)

  Get the RTC IO input level.

  Parameters:

    gpio_num -- GPIO number (e.g. GPIO_NUM_12)

  Returns:

    - 1 High level

    - 0 Low level

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG GPIO is not an RTC IO

esp_err_t rtc_gpio_set_level(gpio_num_t gpio_num, uint32_t level)

  Set the RTC IO output level.

  Parameters:

    - gpio_num -- GPIO number (e.g. GPIO_NUM_12)

    - level -- output level

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG GPIO is not an RTC IO

esp_err_t rtc_gpio_set_direction(gpio_num_t gpio_num, rtc_gpio_mode_t mode)

  RTC GPIO set direction.

  Configure RTC GPIO direction, such as output only, input only, output and input.

  Parameters:

    - gpio_num -- GPIO number (e.g. GPIO_NUM_12)

    - mode -- GPIO direction

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG GPIO is not an RTC IO

esp_err_t rtc_gpio_set_direction_in_sleep(gpio_num_t gpio_num, rtc_gpio_mode_t mode)

  RTC GPIO set direction in deep sleep mode or disable sleep status (default). In some application scenarios, IO needs to have another states during deep sleep.

  NOTE: ESP32 supports INPUT_ONLY mode. The rest targets support INPUT_ONLY, OUTPUT_ONLY, INPUT_OUTPUT mode.

  Parameters:

    - gpio_num -- GPIO number (e.g. GPIO_NUM_12)

    - mode -- GPIO direction

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG GPIO is not an RTC IO

esp_err_t rtc_gpio_pullup_en(gpio_num_t gpio_num)

  RTC GPIO pullup enable.

  This function only works for RTC IOs. In general, call gpio_pullup_en, which will work both for normal GPIOs and RTC IOs.

  Parameters:

    gpio_num -- GPIO number (e.g. GPIO_NUM_12)

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG GPIO is not an RTC IO

esp_err_t rtc_gpio_pulldown_en(gpio_num_t gpio_num)

  RTC GPIO pulldown enable.

  This function only works for RTC IOs. In general, call gpio_pulldown_en, which will work both for normal GPIOs and RTC IOs.

  Parameters:

    gpio_num -- GPIO number (e.g. GPIO_NUM_12)

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG GPIO is not an RTC IO

esp_err_t rtc_gpio_pullup_dis(gpio_num_t gpio_num)

  RTC GPIO pullup disable.

  This function only works for RTC IOs. In general, call gpio_pullup_dis, which will work both for normal GPIOs and RTC IOs.

  Parameters:

    gpio_num -- GPIO number (e.g. GPIO_NUM_12)

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG GPIO is not an RTC IO

esp_err_t rtc_gpio_pulldown_dis(gpio_num_t gpio_num)

  RTC GPIO pulldown disable.

  This function only works for RTC IOs. In general, call gpio_pulldown_dis, which will work both for normal GPIOs and RTC IOs.

  Parameters:

    gpio_num -- GPIO number (e.g. GPIO_NUM_12)

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG GPIO is not an RTC IO

esp_err_t rtc_gpio_set_drive_capability(gpio_num_t gpio_num, gpio_drive_cap_t strength)

  Set RTC GPIO pad drive capability.

  Parameters:

    - gpio_num -- GPIO number, only support output GPIOs

    - strength -- Drive capability of the pad

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG Parameter error

esp_err_t rtc_gpio_get_drive_capability(gpio_num_t gpio_num, gpio_drive_cap_t *strength)

  Get RTC GPIO pad drive capability.

  Parameters:

    - gpio_num -- GPIO number, only support output GPIOs

    - strength -- Pointer to accept drive capability of the pad

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG Parameter error

esp_err_t rtc_gpio_iomux_func_sel(gpio_num_t gpio_num, int func)

  Select a RTC IOMUX function for the RTC IO.

  Parameters:

    - gpio_num -- GPIO number

    - func -- Function to assign to the pin

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG Parameter error

esp_err_t rtc_gpio_hold_en(gpio_num_t gpio_num)

  Enable hold function on an RTC IO pad.

  Enabling HOLD function will cause the pad to latch current values of input enable, output enable, output value, function, drive strength values. This function is useful when going into light or deep sleep mode to prevent the pin configuration from changing.

  Parameters:

    gpio_num -- GPIO number (e.g. GPIO_NUM_12)

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG GPIO is not an RTC IO

esp_err_t rtc_gpio_hold_dis(gpio_num_t gpio_num)

  Disable hold function on an RTC IO pad.

  Disabling hold function will allow the pad receive the values of input enable, output enable, output value, function, drive strength from RTC_IO peripheral.

  Parameters:

    gpio_num -- GPIO number (e.g. GPIO_NUM_12)

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG GPIO is not an RTC IO

esp_err_t rtc_gpio_force_hold_en_all(void)

  Enable force hold signal for all RTC IOs.

  Each RTC pad has a "force hold" input signal from the RTC controller. If this signal is set, pad latches current values of input enable, function, output enable, and other signals which come from the RTC mux. Force hold signal is enabled before going into deep sleep for pins which are used for EXT1 wakeup.

esp_err_t rtc_gpio_force_hold_dis_all(void)

  Disable force hold signal for all RTC IOs.

esp_err_t rtc_gpio_isolate(gpio_num_t gpio_num)

  Helper function to disconnect internal circuits from an RTC IO This function disables input, output, pullup, pulldown, and enables hold feature for an RTC IO. Use this function if an RTC IO needs to be disconnected from internal circuits in deep sleep, to minimize leakage current.

  In particular, for ESP32-WROVER module, call rtc_gpio_isolate(GPIO_NUM_12) before entering deep sleep, to reduce deep sleep current.

  Parameters:

    gpio_num -- GPIO number (e.g. GPIO_NUM_12).

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK on success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG if GPIO is not an RTC IO

esp_err_t rtc_gpio_wakeup_enable(gpio_num_t gpio_num, gpio_int_type_t intr_type)

  Enable wakeup from sleep mode using specific GPIO.

  Parameters:

    - gpio_num -- GPIO number

    - intr_type -- Wakeup on high level (GPIO_INTR_HIGH_LEVEL) or low level (GPIO_INTR_LOW_LEVEL)

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK on success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG if gpio_num is not an RTC IO, or intr_type is not one of GPIO_INTR_HIGH_LEVEL, GPIO_INTR_LOW_LEVEL.

esp_err_t rtc_gpio_wakeup_disable(gpio_num_t gpio_num)

  Disable wakeup from sleep mode using specific GPIO.

  Parameters:

    gpio_num -- GPIO number

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK on success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG if gpio_num is not an RTC IO

### Macros

RTC_GPIO_IS_VALID_GPIO(gpio_num)

### Header File

- components/esp_driver_gpio/include/driver/lp_io.h

- This header file can be included with:

  >     #include "driver/lp_io.h"

- This header file is a part of the API provided by the `esp_driver_gpio` component. To declare that your component depends on `esp_driver_gpio`, add the following to your CMakeLists.txt:

  >     REQUIRES esp_driver_gpio

  > or

  >     PRIV_REQUIRES esp_driver_gpio

### Header File

- components/hal/include/hal/rtc_io_types.h

- This header file can be included with:

  >     #include "hal/rtc_io_types.h"

### Enumerations

enum rtc_gpio_mode_t

  RTCIO output/input mode type.

  Values:

  enumerator RTC_GPIO_MODE_INPUT_ONLY

    Pad input

  enumerator RTC_GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_ONLY

    Pad output

  enumerator RTC_GPIO_MODE_INPUT_OUTPUT

    Pad input + output

  enumerator RTC_GPIO_MODE_DISABLED

    Pad (output + input) disable

  enumerator RTC_GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_OD

    Pad open-drain output

  enumerator RTC_GPIO_MODE_INPUT_OUTPUT_OD

    Pad input + open-drain output

## API Reference - GPIO Glitch Filter

### Header File

- components/esp_driver_gpio/include/driver/gpio_filter.h

- This header file can be included with:

  >     #include "driver/gpio_filter.h"

- This header file is a part of the API provided by the `esp_driver_gpio` component. To declare that your component depends on `esp_driver_gpio`, add the following to your CMakeLists.txt:

  >     REQUIRES esp_driver_gpio

  > or

  >     PRIV_REQUIRES esp_driver_gpio

### Functions

esp_err_t gpio_new_pin_glitch_filter(const gpio_pin_glitch_filter_config_t *config, gpio_glitch_filter_handle_t *ret_filter)

  Create a pin glitch filter.

  Note

  Pin glitch filter parameters are fixed, pulses shorter than two sample clocks (IO-MUX's source clock) will be filtered out. It's independent with "flex" glitch filter. See also `gpio_new_flex_glitch_filter`.

  Note

  The created filter handle can later be deleted by `gpio_del_glitch_filter`.

  Parameters:

    - config -- [in] Glitch filter configuration

    - ret_filter -- [out] Returned glitch filter handle

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK: Create a pin glitch filter successfully

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG: Create a pin glitch filter failed because of invalid arguments (e.g. wrong GPIO number)

    - ESP_ERR_NO_MEM: Create a pin glitch filter failed because of out of memory

    - ESP_FAIL: Create a pin glitch filter failed because of other error

esp_err_t gpio_new_flex_glitch_filter(const gpio_flex_glitch_filter_config_t *config, gpio_glitch_filter_handle_t *ret_filter)

  Allocate a flex glitch filter.

  Note

  "flex" means the filter parameters (window, threshold) are adjustable. It's independent with pin glitch filter. See also `gpio_new_pin_glitch_filter`.

  Note

  The created filter handle can later be deleted by `gpio_del_glitch_filter`.

  Parameters:

    - config -- [in] Glitch filter configuration

    - ret_filter -- [out] Returned glitch filter handle

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK: Allocate a flex glitch filter successfully

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG: Allocate a flex glitch filter failed because of invalid arguments (e.g. wrong GPIO number, filter parameters out of range)

    - ESP_ERR_NO_MEM: Allocate a flex glitch filter failed because of out of memory

    - ESP_ERR_NOT_FOUND: Allocate a flex glitch filter failed because the underlying hardware resources are used up

    - ESP_FAIL: Allocate a flex glitch filter failed because of other error

esp_err_t gpio_del_glitch_filter(gpio_glitch_filter_handle_t filter)

  Delete a glitch filter.

  Parameters:

    filter -- [in] Glitch filter handle returned from `gpio_new_flex_glitch_filter` or `gpio_new_pin_glitch_filter`

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK: Delete glitch filter successfully

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG: Delete glitch filter failed because of invalid arguments

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE: Delete glitch filter failed because the glitch filter is still in working

    - ESP_FAIL: Delete glitch filter failed because of other error

esp_err_t gpio_glitch_filter_enable(gpio_glitch_filter_handle_t filter)

  Enable a glitch filter.

  Parameters:

    filter -- [in] Glitch filter handle returned from `gpio_new_flex_glitch_filter` or `gpio_new_pin_glitch_filter`

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK: Enable glitch filter successfully

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG: Enable glitch filter failed because of invalid arguments

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE: Enable glitch filter failed because the glitch filter is already enabled

    - ESP_FAIL: Enable glitch filter failed because of other error

esp_err_t gpio_glitch_filter_disable(gpio_glitch_filter_handle_t filter)

  Disable a glitch filter.

  Parameters:

    filter -- [in] Glitch filter handle returned from `gpio_new_flex_glitch_filter` or `gpio_new_pin_glitch_filter`

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK: Disable glitch filter successfully

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG: Disable glitch filter failed because of invalid arguments

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE: Disable glitch filter failed because the glitch filter is not enabled yet

    - ESP_FAIL: Disable glitch filter failed because of other error

### Structures

struct gpio_pin_glitch_filter_config_t

  Configuration of GPIO pin glitch filter.

  Public Members

  glitch_filter_clock_source_t clk_src

    Clock source for the glitch filter

  gpio_num_t gpio_num

    GPIO number

struct gpio_flex_glitch_filter_config_t

  Configuration of GPIO flex glitch filter.

  Public Members

  glitch_filter_clock_source_t clk_src

    Clock source for the glitch filter

  gpio_num_t gpio_num

    GPIO number

  uint32_t window_width_ns

    Sample window width (in ns)

  uint32_t window_thres_ns

    Sample window threshold (in ns), during the `window_width_ns` sample window, any pulse whose width < window_thres_ns will be discarded.

### Type Definitions

typedef struct gpio_glitch_filter_t *gpio_glitch_filter_handle_t

  Typedef of GPIO glitch filter handle.

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