# Protocols

[中文]

## JSON

### Removed Built-in JSON Component

The built-in `json` component has been removed from ESP-IDF. Users should migrate to using the `espressif/cjson` component from the IDF Component Manager.

#### Migration Steps

1. Remove json from CMakeLists.txt

   In your component's `CMakeLists.txt`, remove `json` from the `REQUIRES` or `PRIV_REQUIRES` list:

       # Before
       idf_component_register(SRCS "main.c"
                              PRIV_REQUIRES json esp_http_server)

       # After
       idf_component_register(SRCS "main.c"
                              PRIV_REQUIRES esp_http_server)

2. Add espressif/cjson to idf_component.yml

   Add the `espressif/cjson` dependency to your component's `idf_component.yml` file. If this file doesn't exist, create it in your component directory (e.g., `main/idf_component.yml`):

       dependencies:
         espressif/cjson: "^1.7.19"

3. No Code Changes Required

   The API remains the same. Your existing code using cJSON functions will continue to work without modifications:

       #include "cJSON.h"

       // Existing code works unchanged
       cJSON *root = cJSON_Parse(json_string);
       cJSON *item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(root, "key");
       cJSON_Delete(root);

For more information:

- espressif/cjson component

- cJSON on GitHub

## ESP-TLS

### Removed wolfSSL Support

The built-in wolfSSL TLS stack support has been removed from ESP-TLS. Users who were using wolfSSL should migrate to either:

1. mbedTLS (Recommended): The default TLS stack, fully integrated and maintained within ESP-IDF.

2. Custom TLS Stack: Register your own TLS implementation using the new custom stack API (see Option B below).

Removed Kconfig Options

The following Kconfig options have been removed:

- `CONFIG_ESP_TLS_USING_WOLFSSL` - Use `CONFIG_ESP_TLS_USING_MBEDTLS` or `CONFIG_ESP_TLS_CUSTOM_STACK` instead

- `CONFIG_ESP_DEBUG_WOLFSSL` - For mbedTLS debugging, use `CONFIG_MBEDTLS_DEBUG`

- `CONFIG_ESP_TLS_OCSP_CHECKALL` - OCSP functionality should be handled by the chosen TLS stack

Migration Steps for wolfSSL Users

If your project was using wolfSSL via ESP-TLS:

1. Option A - Switch to mbedTLS

   - Remove `CONFIG_ESP_TLS_USING_WOLFSSL=y` from your sdkconfig

   - The default `CONFIG_ESP_TLS_USING_MBEDTLS` will be used automatically

   - No code changes required for standard TLS operations

2. Option B - Use Custom Stack API

   If you need to continue using wolfSSL or another TLS library, you can register it as a custom stack:

   - Enable `CONFIG_ESP_TLS_CUSTOM_STACK` in menuconfig

   - Implement the `esp_tls_stack_ops_t` interface for your TLS library

   - Call `esp_tls_register_stack()` before creating any TLS connections

   For detailed documentation on implementing a custom TLS stack, see Custom TLS Stack Support.

### Removed Deprecated API

The deprecated `esp_tls_conn_http_new()` function has been removed. Use either:

- `esp_tls_conn_http_new_sync()` for blocking connections

- `esp_tls_conn_http_new_async()` for non-blocking connections

The new API requires you to create the `esp_tls_t` structure using `esp_tls_init()` and provides better control over the connection process.

### Unified Private Key Interface

The `use_secure_element` field in `esp_tls_cfg`, `esp_tls_cfg_server`, and `httpd_ssl_config` is deprecated and no longer functional: setting it to `true` makes the connection (or server start) fail with `ESP_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED`. The field is kept only for source compatibility and will be removed in the next major release. The ATECC608A secure element and all other hardware-backed key sources (DS peripheral, ECDSA peripheral, Key Manager) are now accessed through a unified `esp_key_config_t` interface via PSA Crypto key IDs.

Migration Steps

1. Replace `use_secure_element = true` with the new `esp_key_config_t` using `ESP_KEY_SOURCE_PSA` and a PSA key ID obtained from `psa_import_key()`.

2. The `atcab_init()` call is no longer performed internally by ESP-TLS. Applications using the ATECC608A must ensure the secure element is initialized at the application level before use. Refer to the esp-cryptoauthlib documentation for details.

3. The `esp_transport_ssl_use_secure_element()` function in `tcp_transport` is deprecated and no longer functional (the connection will fail with `ESP_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED`). Use `esp_transport_ssl_set_client_key_config()` instead.

4. The Kconfig options for the secure element driver have been consolidated from `CONFIG_MBEDTLS_ATCA_HW_ECDSA_SIGN` / `CONFIG_MBEDTLS_ATCA_HW_ECDSA_VERIFY` into a single `CONFIG_MBEDTLS_SECURE_ELEMENT_DRIVER_ENABLED`. The old names are automatically mapped via `sdkconfig.rename`.

For detailed usage examples, see ATECC608A (Secure Element) with ESP-TLS.

## ESP HTTP Server

### WebSocket Handler No Longer Called During Handshake

From v6.0.1, the URI handler registered for a WebSocket endpoint is no longer called during the WebSocket handshake.

Prior to this change, the handler was invoked with `req->method == HTTP_GET` immediately after the handshake completed, which applications used for connection-time initialization:

    /* Pre-v6.0.1 pattern — no longer works from v6.0.1 onwards */
    static esp_err_t ws_handler(httpd_req_t *req)
    {
        if (req->method == HTTP_GET) {
            ESP_LOGI(TAG, "New WebSocket connection established");
            return ESP_OK;
        }
        /* Handle WebSocket frames ... */
    }

From v6.0.1, the handler is invoked only for subsequent WebSocket data frames, so the `HTTP_GET` check is no longer needed in frame handlers.

#### Migration Options

Option 1 (Recommended) — Move connection-time logic into a dedicated post-handshake callback:

1. Enable CONFIG_HTTPD_WS_POST_HANDSHAKE_CB_SUPPORT in menuconfig.

2. Register a `ws_post_handshake_cb` on the `httpd_uri_t` struct. The frame handler remains clean with no `HTTP_GET` check.

    static esp_err_t ws_on_connect(httpd_req_t *req)
    {
        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "New WebSocket connection established");
        return ESP_OK;
    }

    static esp_err_t ws_handler(httpd_req_t *req)
    {
        /* Handle WebSocket frames only */
    }

    static const httpd_uri_t ws_uri = {
        .uri                  = "/ws",
        .method               = HTTP_GET,
        .handler              = ws_handler,
        .is_websocket         = true,
        .ws_post_handshake_cb = ws_on_connect,
    };

Option 2 (Minimal change) — Set `.ws_post_handshake_cb` to the same function as `.handler`:

1. Enable CONFIG_HTTPD_WS_POST_HANDSHAKE_CB_SUPPORT in menuconfig.

2. Set `.ws_post_handshake_cb = ws_handler` in the URI registration. The existing `if (req->method == HTTP_GET)` check inside the handler continues to work without any further code changes.

    static const httpd_uri_t ws_uri = {
        .uri                  = "/ws",
        .method               = HTTP_GET,
        .handler              = ws_handler,
        .is_websocket         = true,
        .ws_post_handshake_cb = ws_handler,   /* same function restores old behavior */
    };

## ESP-Modbus

The Espressif ESP-Modbus Library (esp-modbus) supports Modbus communication in the networks based on RS485, Wi-Fi, and Ethernet interfaces.

The component `esp-modbus v2 (v2.x.x)` is the current supported component version:

- ESP-Modbus component on GitHub

### Documentation

- ESP-MODBUS stable documentation v2.x.x

- Documentation for legacy version v1.x.x

### Application Examples

Since ESP-IDF version v6.0, the examples for component `esp-modbus v1` which is obsolete have been removed from ESP-IDF.

- legacy esp-modbus v1.x.x examples (esp-idf v5.5)

The examples below demonstrate the ESP-Modbus library of serial and TCP ports for both slave and master implementations respectively.

- mb_serial_slave - demonstrates how to use ESP32-C5 as a Modbus serial slave device with the esp-modbus stack, enabling an external Modbus host to read and write device parameters using the Modbus protocol.

- mb_serial_master - demonstrates how to use the esp-modbus stack port on ESP32-C5 as a Modbus serial master device, capable of reading and writing values from slave devices in a Modbus segment.

- mb_tcp_slave - demonstrates the esp-modbus TCP slave stack port, allowing an external Modbus host to read and write device parameters via the Modbus protocol.

- mb_tcp_master - demonstrates how to use the esp-modbus stack port on ESP32-C5 as a Modbus TCP master device, capable of reading and writing values from slave devices in a Modbus network.

Please refer to the `README.md` documents of each specific example for details.

### Discussions

- Discussions for version v2

## ESP-MQTT

Breaking change: ESP-MQTT moved to a managed component and example set updated.

- The ESP-MQTT component has been removed from ESP-IDF and is now a managed component: `espressif/mqtt`.

  - To add the component to an application, run `idf.py add-dependency espressif/mqtt`.

  - Include headers and APIs remain the same (`mqtt_client.h`), but the component is fetched via the Component Manager.

- Example changes in ESP-IDF:

  - Legacy MQTT TLS examples under `examples/protocols/mqtt/ssl*` were removed.

  - New reference examples are available:

    - protocols/mqtt: MQTT over TLS.

    - protocols/mqtt5: MQTT v5.0 over TLS.

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