Clock Tree

[中文]

The clock subsystem of ESP32-P4 is used to source and distribute system/module clocks from a range of root clocks. The clock tree driver maintains the basic functionality of the system clock and the intricate relationship among module clocks.

This document starts with the introduction to root and module clocks. Then it covers the clock tree APIs that can be called to monitor the status of the module clocks at runtime.

Introduction

This section lists definitions of ESP32-P4's supported root clocks and module clocks. These definitions are commonly used in the driver configuration, to help select a proper source clock for the peripheral.

Root Clocks

Root clocks generate reliable clock signals. These clock signals then pass through various gates, muxes, dividers, or multipliers to become the clock sources for every functional module: the CPU core(s), Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, the RTC, and the peripherals.

ESP32-P4's root clocks are listed in soc_root_clk_t:

• Internal 8 MHz RC Oscillator (RC_FAST)

  This RC oscillator generates a about 8.5 MHz clock signal output as the RC_FAST_CLK.

  The exact frequency of RC_FAST_CLK cannot be computed in runtime through calibration, but it is still possible to get its frequency through an oscilloscope or a logic analyzer by routing the clock signal to a GPIO pin.

• External 40 MHz Crystal (XTAL)

• Internal 136 kHz RC Oscillator (RC_SLOW)

  This RC oscillator generates a about 136kHz clock signal output as the RC_SLOW_CLK. The exact frequency of this clock can be computed in runtime through calibration.

• External 32 kHz Crystal - optional (XTAL32K)

  The clock source for this XTAL32K_CLK can be either a 32 kHz crystal connecting to the XTAL_32K_P and XTAL_32K_N pins or a 32 kHz clock signal generated by an external circuit. The external signal must be connected to the XTAL_32K_P pin.

  XTAL32K_CLK can also be calibrated to get its exact frequency.

• External Slow Clock - optional (OSC_SLOW)

  A clock signal generated by an external circuit can be connected to GPIO0 to be the clock source for the RTC_SLOW_CLK. This clock can also be calibrated to get its exact frequency.

• Internal 32 kHz RC Oscillator (RC32K)

  The exact frequency of this clock can be computed in runtime through calibration.

Typically, the frequency of the signal generated from an RC oscillator circuit is less accurate and more sensitive to the environment compared to the signal generated from a crystal. ESP32-P4 provides several clock source options for the RTC_SLOW_CLK, and it is possible to make the choice based on the requirements for system time accuracy and power consumption. For more details, please refer to RTC Timer Clock Sources.

Module Clocks

ESP32-P4's available module clocks are listed in soc_module_clk_t. Each module clock has a unique ID. You can get more information on each clock by checking the documented enum value.

API Usage

The clock tree driver provides an all-in-one API to get the frequency of the module clocks, esp_clk_tree_src_get_freq_hz(). This function allows you to obtain the clock frequency at any time by providing the clock name soc_module_clk_t and specifying the desired precision level for the returned frequency value esp_clk_tree_src_freq_precision_t.

API Reference

Header File

• components/soc/esp32p4/include/soc/clk_tree_defs.h

• This header file can be included with:

  #include "soc/clk_tree_defs.h"
  

Macros

SOC_CLK_RC_FAST_FREQ_APPROX

Approximate RC_FAST_CLK frequency in Hz

SOC_CLK_RC_SLOW_FREQ_APPROX

Approximate RC_SLOW_CLK frequency in Hz

SOC_CLK_RC32K_FREQ_APPROX

Approximate RC32K_CLK frequency in Hz

SOC_CLK_XTAL32K_FREQ_APPROX

Approximate XTAL32K_CLK frequency in Hz

SOC_CLK_OSC_SLOW_FREQ_APPROX

Approximate OSC_SLOW_CLK (external slow clock) frequency in Hz

SOC_GPTIMER_CLKS

Array initializer for all supported clock sources of GPTimer.

The following code can be used to iterate all possible clocks:

soc_periph_gptimer_clk_src_t gptimer_clks[] = (soc_periph_gptimer_clk_src_t)SOC_GPTIMER_CLKS;
for (size_t i = 0; i< sizeof(gptimer_clks) / sizeof(gptimer_clks[0]); i++) {
    soc_periph_gptimer_clk_src_t clk = gptimer_clks[i];
    // Test GPTimer with the clock `clk`
}

SOC_RMT_CLKS

Array initializer for all supported clock sources of RMT.

SOC_MCPWM_TIMER_CLKS

Array initializer for all supported clock sources of MCPWM Timer.

SOC_MCPWM_CAPTURE_CLKS

Array initializer for all supported clock sources of MCPWM Capture Timer.

SOC_MCPWM_CARRIER_CLKS

Array initializer for all supported clock sources of MCPWM Carrier.

SOC_I2S_CLKS

Array initializer for all supported clock sources of I2S.

SOC_I2C_CLKS

Array initializer for all supported clock sources of I2C.

SOC_SPI_CLKS

Array initializer for all supported clock sources of SPI.

SOC_PSRAM_CLKS

Array initializer for all supported clock sources of PSRAM.

SOC_FLASH_CLKS

Array initializer for all supported clock sources of FLASH.

SOC_ANA_CMPR_CLKS

Array initializer for all supported clock sources of Analog Comparator.

SOC_MWDT_CLKS

Array initializer for all supported clock sources of MWDT.

SOC_LEDC_CLKS

Array initializer for all supported clock sources of LEDC.

SOC_PARLIO_CLKS

Array initializer for all supported clock sources of PARLIO.

SOC_SDMMC_CLKS

Array initializer for all supported clock sources of SDMMC.

Enumerations

enum soc_root_clk_t

Root clock.

Values:

enumerator SOC_ROOT_CLK_INT_RC_FAST

Internal 17.5MHz RC oscillator

enumerator SOC_ROOT_CLK_INT_RC_SLOW

Internal 136kHz RC oscillator

enumerator SOC_ROOT_CLK_EXT_XTAL

External 40MHz crystal

enumerator SOC_ROOT_CLK_EXT_XTAL32K

External 32kHz crystal

enumerator SOC_ROOT_CLK_INT_RC32K

Internal 32kHz RC oscillator

enumerator SOC_ROOT_CLK_EXT_OSC_SLOW

External slow clock signal at pin1

enum soc_cpu_clk_src_t

CPU_CLK mux inputs, which are the supported clock sources for the CPU_CLK.

Note

Enum values are matched with the register field values on purpose

Values:

enumerator SOC_CPU_CLK_SRC_XTAL

Select XTAL_CLK as CPU_CLK source

enumerator SOC_CPU_CLK_SRC_PLL

Select (C)PLL_CLK as CPU_CLK source (CPLL_CLK is the output of 40MHz crystal oscillator frequency multiplier, 400MHz)

enumerator SOC_CPU_CLK_SRC_RC_FAST

Select RC_FAST_CLK as CPU_CLK source

enumerator SOC_CPU_CLK_SRC_INVALID

Invalid CPU_CLK source

enum soc_rtc_slow_clk_src_t

RTC_SLOW_CLK mux inputs, which are the supported clock sources for the RTC_SLOW_CLK.

Note

Enum values are matched with the register field values on purpose

Values:

enumerator SOC_RTC_SLOW_CLK_SRC_RC_SLOW

Select RC_SLOW_CLK as RTC_SLOW_CLK source

enumerator SOC_RTC_SLOW_CLK_SRC_XTAL32K

Select XTAL32K_CLK as RTC_SLOW_CLK source

enumerator SOC_RTC_SLOW_CLK_SRC_RC32K

Select RC32K_CLK as RTC_SLOW_CLK source

enumerator SOC_RTC_SLOW_CLK_SRC_OSC_SLOW

Select OSC_SLOW_CLK (external slow clock) as RTC_SLOW_CLK source

enumerator SOC_RTC_SLOW_CLK_SRC_INVALID

Invalid RTC_SLOW_CLK source

enum soc_rtc_fast_clk_src_t

RTC_FAST_CLK mux inputs, which are the supported clock sources for the RTC_FAST_CLK.

Note

Enum values are matched with the register field values on purpose

Values:

enumerator SOC_RTC_FAST_CLK_SRC_RC_FAST

Select RC_FAST_CLK as RTC_FAST_CLK source

enumerator SOC_RTC_FAST_CLK_SRC_XTAL

Select XTAL_CLK as RTC_FAST_CLK source

enumerator SOC_RTC_FAST_CLK_SRC_XTAL_DIV

Alias name for SOC_RTC_FAST_CLK_SRC_XTAL

enumerator SOC_RTC_FAST_CLK_SRC_LP_PLL

Select LP_PLL_CLK as RTC_FAST_CLK source (LP_PLL_CLK is a 8MHz clock sourced from RC32K or XTAL32K)

enumerator SOC_RTC_FAST_CLK_SRC_INVALID

Invalid RTC_FAST_CLK source

enum soc_lp_pll_clk_src_t

LP_PLL_CLK mux inputs, which are the supported clock sources for the LP_PLL_CLK.

Note

Enum values are matched with the register field values on purpose

Values:

enumerator SOC_LP_PLL_CLK_SRC_RC32K

Select RC32K_CLK as LP_PLL_CLK source

enumerator SOC_LP_PLL_CLK_SRC_XTAL32K

Select XTAL32K_CLK as LP_PLL_CLK source

enumerator SOC_LP_PLL_CLK_SRC_INVALID

Invalid LP_PLL_CLK source

enum soc_module_clk_t

Supported clock sources for modules (CPU, peripherals, RTC, etc.)

Note

enum starts from 1, to save 0 for special purpose

Values:

enumerator SOC_MOD_CLK_CPU

CPU_CLK can be sourced from XTAL, CPLL, or RC_FAST by configuring soc_cpu_clk_src_t

enumerator SOC_MOD_CLK_RTC_FAST

RTC_FAST_CLK can be sourced from XTAL, RC_FAST, or LP_PLL by configuring soc_rtc_fast_clk_src_t

enumerator SOC_MOD_CLK_RTC_SLOW

RTC_SLOW_CLK can be sourced from RC_SLOW, XTAL32K, RC32K, or OSC_SLOW by configuring soc_rtc_slow_clk_src_t

enumerator SOC_MOD_CLK_PLL_F80M

PLL_F80M_CLK is derived from SPLL (clock gating + fixed divider of 6), it has a fixed frequency of 80MHz

enumerator SOC_MOD_CLK_PLL_F160M

PLL_F160M_CLK is derived from SPLL (clock gating + fixed divider of 3), it has a fixed frequency of 160MHz

enumerator SOC_MOD_CLK_PLL_F200M

PLL_F200M_CLK is derived from SPLL (clock gating + fixed divider of 3), it has a fixed frequency of 200MHz

enumerator SOC_MOD_CLK_PLL_F240M

PLL_F240M_CLK is derived from SPLL (clock gating + fixed divider of 2), it has a fixed frequency of 240MHz

enumerator SOC_MOD_CLK_CPLL

CPLL is from 40MHz XTAL oscillator frequency multipliers, it has a fixed frequency of 400MHz

enumerator SOC_MOD_CLK_SPLL

SPLL is from 40MHz XTAL oscillator frequency multipliers, it has a fixed frequency of 480MHz

enumerator SOC_MOD_CLK_MPLL

MPLL is from 40MHz XTAL oscillator frequency multipliers, it has a fixed frequency of 500MHz

enumerator SOC_MOD_CLK_XTAL32K

XTAL32K_CLK comes from the external 32kHz crystal, passing a clock gating to the peripherals

enumerator SOC_MOD_CLK_RC_FAST

RC_FAST_CLK comes from the internal 20MHz rc oscillator, passing a clock gating to the peripherals

enumerator SOC_MOD_CLK_XTAL

XTAL_CLK comes from the external 40MHz crystal

enumerator SOC_MOD_CLK_APLL

Audio PLL is sourced from PLL, and its frequency is configurable through APLL configuration registers

enumerator SOC_MOD_CLK_XTAL_D2

XTAL_D2_CLK comes from the external 40MHz crystal, passing a div of 2 to the LP peripherals

enumerator SOC_MOD_CLK_LP_PLL

LP_PLL is from 32kHz XTAL oscillator frequency multipliers, it has a fixed frequency of 8MHz

enumerator SOC_MOD_CLK_INVALID

Indication of the end of the available module clock sources

enum soc_periph_systimer_clk_src_t

Type of SYSTIMER clock source.

Values:

enumerator SYSTIMER_CLK_SRC_XTAL

SYSTIMER source clock is XTAL

enumerator SYSTIMER_CLK_SRC_RC_FAST

SYSTIMER source clock is RC_FAST

enumerator SYSTIMER_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT

SYSTIMER source clock default choice is XTAL

enum soc_periph_gptimer_clk_src_t

Type of GPTimer clock source.

Values:

enumerator GPTIMER_CLK_SRC_PLL_F80M

Select PLL_F80M as the source clock

enumerator GPTIMER_CLK_SRC_RC_FAST

Select RC_FAST as the source clock

enumerator GPTIMER_CLK_SRC_XTAL

Select XTAL as the source clock

enumerator GPTIMER_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT

Select XTAL as the default choice

enum soc_periph_tg_clk_src_legacy_t

Type of Timer Group clock source, reserved for the legacy timer group driver.

Values:

enumerator TIMER_SRC_CLK_PLL_F80M

Timer group clock source is PLL_F80M

enumerator TIMER_SRC_CLK_XTAL

Timer group clock source is XTAL

enumerator TIMER_SRC_CLK_DEFAULT

Timer group clock source default choice is XTAL

enum soc_periph_rmt_clk_src_t

Type of RMT clock source.

Values:

enumerator RMT_CLK_SRC_PLL_F80M

Select PLL_F80M as the source clock

enumerator RMT_CLK_SRC_RC_FAST

Select RC_FAST as the source clock

enumerator RMT_CLK_SRC_XTAL

Select XTAL as the source clock

enumerator RMT_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT

Select XTAL as the default choice

enum soc_periph_rmt_clk_src_legacy_t

Type of RMT clock source, reserved for the legacy RMT driver.

Values:

enumerator RMT_BASECLK_PLL_F80M

RMT source clock is PLL_F80M

enumerator RMT_BASECLK_XTAL

RMT source clock is XTAL

enumerator RMT_BASECLK_DEFAULT

RMT source clock default choice is XTAL

enum soc_periph_uart_clk_src_legacy_t

Type of UART clock source, reserved for the legacy UART driver.

Values:

enumerator UART_SCLK_PLL_F80M

UART source clock is PLL_F80M

enumerator UART_SCLK_RTC

UART source clock is RC_FAST

enumerator UART_SCLK_XTAL

UART source clock is XTAL

enumerator UART_SCLK_DEFAULT

UART source clock default choice is XTAL for FPGA environment

enum soc_periph_lp_uart_clk_src_t

Type of LP_UART clock source.

Values:

enumerator LP_UART_SCLK_LP_FAST

LP_UART source clock is LP(RTC)_FAST

enumerator LP_UART_SCLK_XTAL_D2

LP_UART source clock is XTAL_D2

enumerator LP_UART_SCLK_LP_PLL

LP_UART source clock is LP_PLL (8M PLL)

enumerator LP_UART_SCLK_DEFAULT

LP_UART source clock default choice is XTAL_D2

enum soc_periph_mcpwm_timer_clk_src_t

Type of MCPWM timer clock source.

Values:

enumerator MCPWM_TIMER_CLK_SRC_PLL160M

Select PLL_F160M as the source clock

enumerator MCPWM_TIMER_CLK_SRC_XTAL

Select XTAL as the source clock

enumerator MCPWM_TIMER_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT

Select XTAL as the default choice

enum soc_periph_mcpwm_capture_clk_src_t

Type of MCPWM capture clock source.

Values:

enumerator MCPWM_CAPTURE_CLK_SRC_PLL160M

Select PLL_F160M as the source clock

enumerator MCPWM_CAPTURE_CLK_SRC_XTAL

Select XTAL as the source clock

enumerator MCPWM_CAPTURE_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT

Select XTAL as the default choice

enum soc_periph_mcpwm_carrier_clk_src_t

Type of MCPWM carrier clock source.

Values:

enumerator MCPWM_CARRIER_CLK_SRC_PLL160M

Select PLL_F160M as the source clock

enumerator MCPWM_CARRIER_CLK_SRC_XTAL

Select XTAL as the source clock

enumerator MCPWM_CARRIER_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT

Select XTAL as the default choice

enum soc_periph_i2s_clk_src_t

I2S clock source enum.

Values:

enumerator I2S_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT

Select XTAL as the default source clock

enumerator I2S_CLK_SRC_XTAL

Select XTAL as the source clock

enumerator I2S_CLK_SRC_APLL

Select APLL as the source clock

enumerator I2S_CLK_SRC_EXTERNAL

Select external clock as source clock

enum soc_periph_i2c_clk_src_t

Type of I2C clock source.

Values:

enumerator I2C_CLK_SRC_XTAL

Select XTAL as the source clock

enumerator I2C_CLK_SRC_RC_FAST

Select RC_FAST as the source clock

enumerator I2C_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT

Select XTAL as the default source clock

enum soc_periph_spi_clk_src_t

Type of SPI clock source.

Values:

enumerator SPI_CLK_SRC_XTAL

Select XTAL as SPI source clock

enumerator SPI_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT

Select XTAL as SPI source clock

enum soc_periph_psram_clk_src_t

Type of PSRAM clock source.

Values:

enumerator PSRAM_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT

Select SOC_MOD_CLK_SPLL as PSRAM source clock

enumerator PSRAM_CLK_SRC_XTAL

Select SOC_MOD_CLK_XTAL as PSRAM source clock

enumerator PSRAM_CLK_SRC_CPLL

Select SOC_MOD_CLK_CPLL as PSRAM source clock

enumerator PSRAM_CLK_SRC_SPLL

Select SOC_MOD_CLK_SPLL as PSRAM source clock

enumerator PSRAM_CLK_SRC_MPLL

Select SOC_MOD_CLK_MPLL as PSRAM source clock

enum soc_periph_flash_clk_src_t

Type of FLASH clock source.

Values:

enumerator FLASH_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT

Select SOC_MOD_CLK_SPLL as FLASH source clock

enumerator FLASH_CLK_SRC_XTAL

Select SOC_MOD_CLK_XTAL as FLASH source clock

enumerator FLASH_CLK_SRC_CPLL

Select SOC_MOD_CLK_CPLL as FLASH source clock

enumerator FLASH_CLK_SRC_SPLL

Select SOC_MOD_CLK_SPLL as FLASH source clock

enum soc_periph_ana_cmpr_clk_src_t

Analog Comparator clock source.

Values:

enumerator ANA_CMPR_CLK_SRC_XTAL

Select XTAL clock as the source clock

enumerator ANA_CMPR_CLK_SRC_PLL_F80M

Select PLL_F80M clock as the source clock

enumerator ANA_CMPR_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT

Select PLL_F80M as the default clock choice

enum soc_periph_mwdt_clk_src_t

MWDT clock source.

Values:

enumerator MWDT_CLK_SRC_XTAL

Select XTAL as the source clock

enumerator MWDT_CLK_SRC_PLL_F80M

Select PLL fixed 80 MHz as the source clock

enumerator MWDT_CLK_SRC_RC_FAST

Select RTC fast as the source clock

enumerator MWDT_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT

Select XTAL 40 MHz as the default clock choice

enum soc_periph_ledc_clk_src_legacy_t

Type of LEDC clock source, reserved for the legacy LEDC driver.

Values:

enumerator LEDC_AUTO_CLK

LEDC source clock will be automatically selected based on the giving resolution and duty parameter when init the timer

enumerator LEDC_USE_XTAL_CLK

Select XTAL as the source clock

enumerator LEDC_USE_PLL_DIV_CLK

Select PLL_F80M clock as the source clock

enumerator LEDC_USE_RC_FAST_CLK

Select RC_FAST as the source clock

enum soc_periph_parlio_clk_src_t

PARLIO clock source.

Values:

enumerator PARLIO_CLK_SRC_XTAL

Select XTAL as the source clock

enumerator PARLIO_CLK_SRC_PLL_F160M

Select PLL_F160M as the source clock

enumerator PARLIO_CLK_SRC_RC_FAST

Select RC_FAST as the source clock

enumerator PARLIO_CLK_SRC_EXTERNAL

Select EXTERNAL clock as the source clock

enumerator PARLIO_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT

Select XTAL as the default clock choice

enum soc_periph_sdmmc_clk_src_t

Type of SDMMC clock source.

Values:

enumerator SDMMC_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT

Select PLL_160M as the default choice

enumerator SDMMC_CLK_SRC_PLL160M

Select PLL_160M as the source clock

enumerator SDMMC_CLK_SRC_PLL200M

Select PLL_200M as the source clock

Header File

• components/esp_hw_support/include/esp_clk_tree.h

• This header file can be included with:

  #include "esp_clk_tree.h"
  

Functions

esp_err_t esp_clk_tree_src_get_freq_hz(soc_module_clk_t clk_src, esp_clk_tree_src_freq_precision_t precision, uint32_t *freq_value)

Get frequency of module clock source.

Parameters

• clk_src -- [in] Clock source available to modules, in soc_module_clk_t

• precision -- [in] Degree of precision, one of esp_clk_tree_src_freq_precision_t values This arg only applies to the clock sources that their frequencies can vary: SOC_MOD_CLK_RTC_FAST, SOC_MOD_CLK_RTC_SLOW, SOC_MOD_CLK_RC_FAST, SOC_MOD_CLK_RC_FAST_D256, SOC_MOD_CLK_XTAL32K For other clock sources, this field is ignored.

• freq_value -- [out] Frequency of the clock source, in Hz

Returns

• ESP_OK Success

• ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG Parameter error

• ESP_FAIL Calibration failed

Enumerations

enum esp_clk_tree_src_freq_precision_t

Degree of precision of frequency value to be returned by esp_clk_tree_src_get_freq_hz()

Values:

enumerator ESP_CLK_TREE_SRC_FREQ_PRECISION_CACHED

enumerator ESP_CLK_TREE_SRC_FREQ_PRECISION_APPROX

enumerator ESP_CLK_TREE_SRC_FREQ_PRECISION_EXACT

enumerator ESP_CLK_TREE_SRC_FREQ_PRECISION_INVALID

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