# Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) Calibration Driver

[中文]

## Introduction

In ESP32-C5, the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) compares the input analog voltage to the reference, and determines each bit of the output digital result. By design, the ADC reference voltage for ESP32-C5 is 1100 mV. However, the true reference voltage can range from 1000 mV to 1200 mV among different chips. This guide introduces the ADC calibration driver to minimize the effect of different reference voltages, and get more accurate output results.

## Functional Overview

The following sections of this document cover the typical steps to install and use the ADC calibration driver:

- Calibration Scheme Creation - covers how to create a calibration scheme handle and delete the calibration scheme handle.

- Result Conversion - covers how to convert ADC raw result to calibrated result.

- Thread Safety - lists which APIs are guaranteed to be thread-safe by the driver.

- Minimize Noise - describes a general way to minimize the noise.

### Calibration Scheme Creation

The ADC calibration driver provides ADC calibration scheme(s). From the calibration driver's point of view, an ADC calibration scheme is created for an ADC calibration handle `adc_cali_handle_t`.

`adc_cali_check_scheme()` can be used to know which calibration scheme is supported on the chip. If you already know the supported schemes, this step can be skipped. Just call the corresponding function to create the scheme handle.

If you use your custom ADC calibration schemes, you could either modify this function `adc_cali_check_scheme()`, or just skip this step and call your custom creation function.

#### ADC Calibration Curve Fitting Scheme

ESP32-C5 supports `ADC_CALI_SCHEME_VER_CURVE_FITTING` scheme. To create this scheme, set up `adc_cali_curve_fitting_config_t` first.

- `adc_cali_curve_fitting_config_t::unit_id`, the ADC that your ADC raw results are from.

- `adc_cali_curve_fitting_config_t::chan`, the ADC channel that your ADC raw results are from. The calibration scheme not only differs by attenuation but is also related to the channels.

- `adc_cali_curve_fitting_config_t::atten`, ADC attenuation that your ADC raw results use.

- `adc_cali_curve_fitting_config_t::bitwidth`, bit width of ADC raw result.

After setting up the configuration structure, call `adc_cali_create_scheme_curve_fitting()` to create a Curve Fitting calibration scheme handle. This function may fail due to reasons such as `ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG` or `ESP_ERR_NO_MEM`.

##### ADC Calibration eFuse Related Failures

When the function `adc_cali_create_scheme_curve_fitting()` returns `ESP_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED`, this means the calibration scheme required eFuse bits are not correct on your board.

The ADC calibration scheme provided by ESP-IDF is based on the values in certain ADC calibration related on-chip eFuse bits. Espressif guarantees that these bits are burned during module manufacturing, so you don't have to burn these eFuses bits yourself.

If you see such an error, please contact us at Technical Inquiries website.

##### Create Curve Fitting Scheme

    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "calibration scheme version is %s", "Curve Fitting");
    adc_cali_curve_fitting_config_t cali_config = {
        .unit_id = unit,
        .atten = atten,
        .bitwidth = ADC_BITWIDTH_DEFAULT,
    };
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(adc_cali_create_scheme_curve_fitting(&cali_config, &handle));

When the ADC calibration is no longer used, please delete the calibration scheme driver from the calibration handle by calling `adc_cali_delete_scheme_curve_fitting()`.

##### Delete Curve Fitting Scheme

    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "delete %s calibration scheme", "Curve Fitting");
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(adc_cali_delete_scheme_curve_fitting(handle));

Note

If you want to use your custom calibration schemes, you could provide a creation function to create your calibration scheme handle. Check the function table `adc_cali_scheme_t` in `components/esp_adc/interface/adc_cali_interface.h` to know the ESP ADC calibration interface.

### Result Conversion

After setting up the calibration characteristics, you can call `adc_cali_raw_to_voltage()` to convert the ADC raw result into calibrated result. The calibrated result is in the unit of mV. This function may fail due to an invalid argument. Especially, if this function returns `ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE`, this means the calibration scheme is not created. You need to create a calibration scheme handle, use `adc_cali_check_scheme()` to know the supported calibration scheme. On the other hand, you could also provide a custom calibration scheme and create the handle.

#### Get Voltage

    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(adc_cali_raw_to_voltage(adc_cali_handle, adc_raw[0][0], &voltage[0][0]));
    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "ADC%d Channel[%d] Cali Voltage: %d mV", ADC_UNIT_1 + 1, EXAMPLE_ADC1_CHAN0, voltage[0][0]);

### Thread Safety

The factory function `esp_adc_cali_new_scheme()` is guaranteed to be thread-safe by the driver. Therefore, you can call them from different RTOS tasks without protection by extra locks.

Other functions that take the `adc_cali_handle_t` as the first positional parameter are not thread-safe, you should avoid calling them from multiple tasks.

### Minimize Noise

The ESP32-C5 ADC is sensitive to noise, leading to large discrepancies in ADC readings. Depending on the usage scenario, you may need to connect a bypass capacitor (e.g., a 100 nF ceramic capacitor) to the ADC input pad in use, to minimize noise. Besides, multisampling may also be used to further mitigate the effects of noise.

## API Reference

### Header File

- components/esp_adc/include/esp_adc/adc_cali.h

- This header file can be included with:

  >     #include "esp_adc/adc_cali.h"

- This header file is a part of the API provided by the `esp_adc` component. To declare that your component depends on `esp_adc`, add the following to your CMakeLists.txt:

  >     REQUIRES esp_adc

  > or

  >     PRIV_REQUIRES esp_adc

### Functions

esp_err_t adc_cali_check_scheme(adc_cali_scheme_ver_t *scheme_mask)

  Check the supported ADC calibration scheme.

  Parameters:

    scheme_mask -- [out] Supported ADC calibration scheme(s)

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK: On success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG: Invalid argument

    - ESP_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED: No supported calibration scheme

esp_err_t adc_cali_raw_to_voltage(adc_cali_handle_t handle, int raw, int *voltage)

  Convert ADC raw data to calibrated voltage.

  Parameters:

    - handle -- [in] ADC calibration handle

    - raw -- [in] ADC raw data

    - voltage -- [out] Calibrated ADC voltage (in mV)

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK: On success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG: Invalid argument

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE: Invalid state, scheme didn't registered

### Type Definitions

typedef struct adc_cali_scheme_t *adc_cali_handle_t

  ADC calibration handle.

### Enumerations

enum adc_cali_scheme_ver_t

  ADC calibration scheme.

  Values:

  enumerator ADC_CALI_SCHEME_VER_LINE_FITTING

    Line fitting scheme.

  enumerator ADC_CALI_SCHEME_VER_CURVE_FITTING

    Curve fitting scheme.

### Header File

- components/esp_adc/include/esp_adc/adc_cali_scheme.h

- This header file can be included with:

  >     #include "esp_adc/adc_cali_scheme.h"

- This header file is a part of the API provided by the `esp_adc` component. To declare that your component depends on `esp_adc`, add the following to your CMakeLists.txt:

  >     REQUIRES esp_adc

  > or

  >     PRIV_REQUIRES esp_adc

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