# Clock Tree

[中文]

The clock subsystem of ESP32-C3 is used to source and distribute system/module clocks from a range of root clocks. The clock tree driver maintains the basic functionality of the system clock and the intricate relationship among module clocks.

This document starts with the introduction to root and module clocks. Then it covers the clock tree APIs that can be called to monitor the status of the module clocks at runtime.

## Introduction

This section lists definitions of ESP32-C3's supported root clocks and module clocks. These definitions are commonly used in the driver configuration, to help select a proper source clock for the peripheral.

### Root Clocks

Root clocks generate reliable clock signals. These clock signals then pass through various gates, muxes, dividers, or multipliers to become the clock sources for every functional module: the CPU core(s), Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, the RTC, and the peripherals.

ESP32-C3's root clocks are listed in `soc_root_clk_t`:

> - Internal 17.5 MHz RC Oscillator (RC_FAST)

>   > This RC oscillator generates a about 17.5 MHz clock signal output as the `RC_FAST_CLK`.

>   > The about 17.5 MHz signal output is also passed into a configurable divider, which by default divides the input clock frequency by 256, to generate a `RC_FAST_D256_CLK`.

>   > The exact frequency of `RC_FAST_CLK` can be computed in runtime through calibration on the `RC_FAST_D256_CLK`.

> - External 40 MHz Crystal (XTAL)

> - Internal 136 kHz RC Oscillator (RC_SLOW)

>   > This RC oscillator generates a about 136kHz clock signal output as the `RC_SLOW_CLK`. The exact frequency of this clock can be computed in runtime through calibration.

> - External 32 kHz Crystal - optional (XTAL32K)

>   > The clock source for this `XTAL32K_CLK` can be either a 32 kHz crystal connecting to the `XTAL_32K_P` and `XTAL_32K_N` pins or a 32 kHz clock signal generated by an external circuit. The external signal must be connected to the `XTAL_32K_P` pin.

>   > `XTAL32K_CLK` can also be calibrated to get its exact frequency.

Typically, the frequency of the signal generated from an RC oscillator circuit is less accurate and more sensitive to the environment compared to the signal generated from a crystal. ESP32-C3 provides several clock source options for the `RTC_SLOW_CLK`, and it is possible to make the choice based on the requirements for system time accuracy and power consumption. For more details, please refer to RTC Timer Clock Sources.

### Module Clocks

ESP32-C3's available module clocks are listed in `soc_module_clk_t`. Each module clock has a unique ID. You can get more information on each clock by checking the documented enum value.

## API Usage

The clock tree driver provides an all-in-one API to get the frequency of the module clocks, `esp_clk_tree_src_get_freq_hz()`. This function allows you to obtain the clock frequency at any time by providing the clock name `soc_module_clk_t` and specifying the desired precision level for the returned frequency value `esp_clk_tree_src_freq_precision_t`.

## API Reference

### Header File

- components/soc/esp32c3/include/soc/clk_tree_defs.h

- This header file can be included with:

  >     #include "soc/clk_tree_defs.h"

### Macros

SOC_CLK_RC_FAST_FREQ_APPROX

  Approximate RC_FAST_CLK frequency in Hz

SOC_CLK_RC_SLOW_FREQ_APPROX

  Approximate RC_SLOW_CLK frequency in Hz

SOC_CLK_RC_FAST_D256_FREQ_APPROX

  Approximate RC_FAST_D256_CLK frequency in Hz

SOC_CLK_XTAL32K_FREQ_APPROX

  Approximate XTAL32K_CLK frequency in Hz

SOC_GPTIMER_CLKS

  Array initializer for all supported clock sources of GPTimer.

  The following code can be used to iterate all possible clocks:

      soc_periph_gptimer_clk_src_t gptimer_clks[] = (soc_periph_gptimer_clk_src_t)SOC_GPTIMER_CLKS;
      for (size_t i = 0; i< sizeof(gptimer_clks) / sizeof(gptimer_clks[0]); i++) {
          soc_periph_gptimer_clk_src_t clk = gptimer_clks[i];
      // Test GPTimer with the clock `clk`
      }

SOC_RMT_CLKS

  Array initializer for all supported clock sources of RMT.

SOC_TEMP_SENSOR_CLKS

  Array initializer for all supported clock sources of Temperature Sensor.

SOC_UART_CLKS

  Array initializer for all supported clock sources of UART.

SOC_I2S_CLKS

  Array initializer for all supported clock sources of I2S.

SOC_I2C_CLKS

  Array initializer for all supported clock sources of I2C.

SOC_SPI_CLKS

  Array initializer for all supported clock sources of SPI.

SOC_SDM_CLKS

  Array initializer for all supported clock sources of SDM.

SOC_GLITCH_FILTER_CLKS

  Array initializer for all supported clock sources of Glitch Filter.

SOC_TWAI_CLKS

  Array initializer for all supported clock sources of TWAI.

SOC_ADC_DIGI_CLKS

  Array initializer for all supported clock sources of ADC digital controller.

SOC_MWDT_CLKS

  Array initializer for all supported clock sources of MWDT.

SOC_LEDC_CLKS

  Array initializer for all supported clock sources of LEDC.

### Enumerations

enum soc_root_clk_t

  Root clock.

  Values:

  enumerator SOC_ROOT_CLK_INT_RC_FAST

    Internal 17.5MHz RC oscillator

  enumerator SOC_ROOT_CLK_INT_RC_SLOW

    Internal 136kHz RC oscillator

  enumerator SOC_ROOT_CLK_EXT_XTAL

    External 40MHz crystal

  enumerator SOC_ROOT_CLK_EXT_XTAL32K

    External 32kHz crystal/clock signal

enum soc_root_clk_circuit_t

  ROOT clock circuit, which requires explicitly enabling the targeting circuit to use.

  Values:

  enumerator SOC_ROOT_CIRCUIT_CLK_BBPLL

    BBPLL_CLK is the output of the BBPLL generator circuit

enum soc_cpu_clk_src_t

  CPU_CLK mux inputs, which are the supported clock sources for the CPU_CLK.

  Note

  Enum values are matched with the register field values on purpose

  Values:

  enumerator SOC_CPU_CLK_SRC_XTAL

    Select XTAL_CLK as CPU_CLK source

  enumerator SOC_CPU_CLK_SRC_PLL

    Select PLL_CLK as CPU_CLK source (PLL_CLK is the output of 40MHz crystal oscillator frequency multiplier, can be 480MHz or 320MHz)

  enumerator SOC_CPU_CLK_SRC_RC_FAST

    Select RC_FAST_CLK as CPU_CLK source

  enumerator SOC_CPU_CLK_SRC_INVALID

    Invalid CPU_CLK source

enum soc_rtc_slow_clk_src_t

  RTC_SLOW_CLK mux inputs, which are the supported clock sources for the RTC_SLOW_CLK.

  Note

  Enum values are matched with the register field values on purpose

  Values:

  enumerator SOC_RTC_SLOW_CLK_SRC_RC_SLOW

    Select RC_SLOW_CLK as RTC_SLOW_CLK source

  enumerator SOC_RTC_SLOW_CLK_SRC_XTAL32K

    Select XTAL32K_CLK as RTC_SLOW_CLK source

  enumerator SOC_RTC_SLOW_CLK_SRC_RC_FAST_D256

    Select RC_FAST_D256_CLK (referred as FOSC_DIV or 8m_d256/8md256 in TRM and reg. description) as RTC_SLOW_CLK source

  enumerator SOC_RTC_SLOW_CLK_SRC_INVALID

    Invalid RTC_SLOW_CLK source

  enumerator SOC_RTC_SLOW_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT

    RC_SLOW_CLK is the default clock source for RTC_SLOW_CLK

enum soc_rtc_fast_clk_src_t

  RTC_FAST_CLK mux inputs, which are the supported clock sources for the RTC_FAST_CLK.

  Note

  Enum values are matched with the register field values on purpose

  Values:

  enumerator SOC_RTC_FAST_CLK_SRC_XTAL_D2

    Select XTAL_D2_CLK (may referred as XTAL_CLK_DIV_2) as RTC_FAST_CLK source

  enumerator SOC_RTC_FAST_CLK_SRC_RC_FAST

    Select RC_FAST_CLK as RTC_FAST_CLK source

  enumerator SOC_RTC_FAST_CLK_SRC_INVALID

    Invalid RTC_FAST_CLK source

  enumerator SOC_RTC_FAST_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT

    XTAL_D2_CLK is the default clock source for RTC_FAST_CLK

  enumerator SOC_RTC_FAST_CLK_SRC_XTAL_DIV

    Alias name for `SOC_RTC_FAST_CLK_SRC_XTAL_D2`

enum soc_xtal_freq_t

  Possible main XTAL frequency options on the target.

  Note

  Enum values equal to the frequency value in MHz

  Note

  Not all frequency values listed here are supported in IDF. Please check SOC_XTAL_SUPPORT_XXX in soc_caps.h for the supported ones.

  Values:

  enumerator SOC_XTAL_FREQ_32M

    32MHz XTAL

  enumerator SOC_XTAL_FREQ_40M

    40MHz XTAL

enum soc_module_clk_t

  Supported clock sources for modules (CPU, peripherals, RTC, etc.)

  Note

  enum starts from 1, to save 0 for special purpose

  Values:

  enumerator SOC_MOD_CLK_CPU

    CPU_CLK can be sourced from XTAL, PLL, or RC_FAST by configuring soc_cpu_clk_src_t

  enumerator SOC_MOD_CLK_RTC_FAST

    RTC_FAST_CLK can be sourced from XTAL_D2 or RC_FAST by configuring soc_rtc_fast_clk_src_t

  enumerator SOC_MOD_CLK_RTC_SLOW

    RTC_SLOW_CLK can be sourced from RC_SLOW, XTAL32K, or RC_FAST_D256 by configuring soc_rtc_slow_clk_src_t

  enumerator SOC_MOD_CLK_APB

    APB_CLK is highly dependent on the CPU_CLK source

  enumerator SOC_MOD_CLK_PLL_F80M

    PLL_F80M_CLK is derived from PLL, and has a fixed frequency of 80MHz

  enumerator SOC_MOD_CLK_PLL_F160M

    PLL_F160M_CLK is derived from PLL, and has a fixed frequency of 160MHz

  enumerator SOC_MOD_CLK_XTAL32K

    XTAL32K_CLK comes from the external 32kHz crystal, passing a clock gating to the peripherals

  enumerator SOC_MOD_CLK_RC_FAST

    RC_FAST_CLK comes from the internal 20MHz rc oscillator, passing a clock gating to the peripherals

  enumerator SOC_MOD_CLK_RC_FAST_D256

    RC_FAST_D256_CLK comes from the internal 20MHz rc oscillator, divided by 256, and passing a clock gating to the peripherals

  enumerator SOC_MOD_CLK_XTAL

    XTAL_CLK comes from the external 40MHz crystal

  enumerator SOC_MOD_CLK_INVALID

    Indication of the end of the available module clock sources

enum soc_periph_systimer_clk_src_t

  Type of SYSTIMER clock source.

  Values:

  enumerator SYSTIMER_CLK_SRC_XTAL

    SYSTIMER source clock is XTAL

  enumerator SYSTIMER_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT

    SYSTIMER source clock default choice is XTAL

enum soc_periph_gptimer_clk_src_t

  Type of GPTimer clock source.

  Values:

  enumerator GPTIMER_CLK_SRC_APB

    Select APB as the source clock

  enumerator GPTIMER_CLK_SRC_XTAL

    Select XTAL as the source clock

  enumerator GPTIMER_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT

    Select APB as the default choice

enum soc_periph_rmt_clk_src_t

  Type of RMT clock source.

  Values:

  enumerator RMT_CLK_SRC_APB

    Select APB as the source clock

  enumerator RMT_CLK_SRC_RC_FAST

    Select RC_FAST as the source clock

  enumerator RMT_CLK_SRC_XTAL

    Select XTAL as the source clock

  enumerator RMT_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT

    Select APB as the default choice

enum soc_periph_temperature_sensor_clk_src_t

  Type of Temp Sensor clock source.

  Values:

  enumerator TEMPERATURE_SENSOR_CLK_SRC_XTAL

    Select XTAL as the source clock

  enumerator TEMPERATURE_SENSOR_CLK_SRC_RC_FAST

    Select RC_FAST as the source clock

  enumerator TEMPERATURE_SENSOR_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT

    Select XTAL as the default choice

enum soc_periph_uart_clk_src_legacy_t

  Type of UART clock source, reserved for the legacy UART driver.

  Values:

  enumerator UART_SCLK_APB

    UART source clock is APB CLK

  enumerator UART_SCLK_RTC

    UART source clock is RC_FAST

  enumerator UART_SCLK_XTAL

    UART source clock is XTAL

  enumerator UART_SCLK_DEFAULT

    UART source clock default choice is APB

enum soc_periph_i2s_clk_src_t

  I2S clock source enum.

  Values:

  enumerator I2S_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT

    Select PLL_F160M as the default source clock

  enumerator I2S_CLK_SRC_PLL_160M

    Select PLL_F160M as the source clock

  enumerator I2S_CLK_SRC_XTAL

    Select XTAL as the source clock

  enumerator I2S_CLK_SRC_EXTERNAL

    Select external clock as source clock

enum soc_periph_i2c_clk_src_t

  Type of I2C clock source.

  Values:

  enumerator I2C_CLK_SRC_XTAL
  enumerator I2C_CLK_SRC_RC_FAST
  enumerator I2C_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT

enum soc_periph_spi_clk_src_t

  Type of SPI clock source.

  Values:

  enumerator SPI_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT

    Select APB as SPI source clock

  enumerator SPI_CLK_SRC_APB

    Select APB as SPI source clock

  enumerator SPI_CLK_SRC_XTAL

    Select XTAL as SPI source clock

enum soc_periph_sdm_clk_src_t

  Sigma Delta Modulator clock source.

  Values:

  enumerator SDM_CLK_SRC_APB

    Select APB as the source clock

  enumerator SDM_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT

    Select APB as the default clock choice

enum soc_periph_glitch_filter_clk_src_t

  Glitch filter clock source.

  Values:

  enumerator GLITCH_FILTER_CLK_SRC_APB

    Select APB clock as the source clock

  enumerator GLITCH_FILTER_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT

    Select APB clock as the default clock choice

enum soc_periph_twai_clk_src_t

  TWAI clock source.

  Values:

  enumerator TWAI_CLK_SRC_APB

    Select APB as the source clock

  enumerator TWAI_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT

    Select APB as the default clock choice

enum soc_periph_adc_digi_clk_src_t

  ADC digital controller clock source.

  Values:

  enumerator ADC_DIGI_CLK_SRC_APB

    Select APB as the source clock

  enumerator ADC_DIGI_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT

    Select APB as the default clock choice

enum soc_periph_mwdt_clk_src_t

  MWDT clock source.

  Values:

  enumerator MWDT_CLK_SRC_XTAL

    Select XTAL as the source clock

  enumerator MWDT_CLK_SRC_APB

    Select APB as the source clock

  enumerator MWDT_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT

    Select APB as the default clock choice

enum soc_periph_ledc_clk_src_legacy_t

  Type of LEDC clock source, reserved for the legacy LEDC driver.

  Values:

  enumerator LEDC_AUTO_CLK

    LEDC source clock will be automatically selected based on the giving resolution and duty parameter when init the timer

  enumerator LEDC_USE_APB_CLK

    Select APB as the source clock

  enumerator LEDC_USE_RC_FAST_CLK

    Select RC_FAST as the source clock

  enumerator LEDC_USE_XTAL_CLK

    Select XTAL as the source clock

enum soc_clkout_sig_id_t

  Values:

  enumerator CLKOUT_SIG_PLL

    PLL_CLK is the output of crystal oscillator frequency multiplier

  enumerator CLKOUT_SIG_RC_SLOW

    RC slow clock, depends on the RTC_CLK_SRC configuration

  enumerator CLKOUT_SIG_XTAL

    Main crystal oscillator clock

  enumerator CLKOUT_SIG_PLL_F80M

    From PLL, usually be 80MHz

  enumerator CLKOUT_SIG_RC_FAST

    RC fast clock, about 17.5MHz

  enumerator CLKOUT_SIG_INVALID

enum soc_clk_freq_calculation_src_t

  Clock frequency calculation source selection.

  Values:

  enumerator CLK_CAL_RTC_SLOW

    Select to calculate frequency of RTC_SLOW_CLK

  enumerator CLK_CAL_RC_SLOW

    Select to calculate frequency of RC_SLOW_CLK

  enumerator CLK_CAL_RC_FAST_D256

    Select to calculate frequency of RC_FAST_D256_CLK

  enumerator CLK_CAL_32K_XTAL

    Select to calculate frequency of XTAL32K_CLK

### Header File

- components/esp_hw_support/include/esp_clk_tree.h

- This header file can be included with:

  >     #include "esp_clk_tree.h"

### Functions

esp_err_t esp_clk_tree_src_get_freq_hz(soc_module_clk_t clk_src, esp_clk_tree_src_freq_precision_t precision, uint32_t *freq_value)

  Get frequency of module clock source.

  Parameters:

    - clk_src -- [in] Clock source available to modules, in soc_module_clk_t

    - precision -- [in] Degree of precision, one of esp_clk_tree_src_freq_precision_t values This arg only applies to the clock sources that their frequencies can vary: SOC_MOD_CLK_RTC_FAST, SOC_MOD_CLK_RTC_SLOW, SOC_MOD_CLK_RC_FAST, SOC_MOD_CLK_RC_FAST_D256, SOC_MOD_CLK_XTAL32K For other clock sources, this field is ignored.

    - freq_value -- [out] Frequency of the clock source, in Hz

  Returns:

    - ESP_OK Success

    - ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG Parameter error

    - ESP_FAIL Calibration failed

### Enumerations

enum esp_clk_tree_src_freq_precision_t

  Degree of precision of frequency value to be returned by esp_clk_tree_src_get_freq_hz()

  Values:

  enumerator ESP_CLK_TREE_SRC_FREQ_PRECISION_CACHED
  enumerator ESP_CLK_TREE_SRC_FREQ_PRECISION_APPROX
  enumerator ESP_CLK_TREE_SRC_FREQ_PRECISION_EXACT
  enumerator ESP_CLK_TREE_SRC_FREQ_PRECISION_INVALID

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