RF Coexistence

[中文]

Overview

ESP boards now support three modules: Bluetooth (BT & BLE), IEEE802.15.4, and Wi-Fi. Each type of board has only one 2.4 GHz ISM band RF module, shared by two or three modules. Consequently, a module cannot receive or transmit data while another module is engaged in data transmission or reception. In such scenarios, ESP32-H2 employs the time-division multiplexing method to manage the reception and transmission of packets.

Supported Coexistence Scenario for ESP32-H2

Supported Features of Thread (IEEE802.15.4) and BLE Coexistence

		BLE
		Scan	Advertising	Connecting	Connected
Thread	Scan	X	Y	Y	Y
	Connecting	X	Y	Y	Y
	Connected	X	Y	Y	Y
	Connected (high throughput)	X	C1	C1	C1

Note

Y: supported and performance is stable C1: supported but the performance is unstable X: not supported S: supported and performance is stable in STA mode, otherwise not supported

Coexistence Mechanism and Policy

Coexistence Mechanism

The RF resource allocation mechanism is based on priority. As shown below, both Bluetooth module and Wi-Fi module request RF resources from the coexistence module, and the coexistence module decides who will use the RF resource based on their priority.

Coexistence Mechanism

Coexistence Policy

Coexistence Period and Time Slice

Currently, the only supported strategy ensures that the priority of BLE always takes precedence over IEEE802.15.4.

1. CONNECTED status: the coexistence period starts at the Target Beacon Transmission Time (TBTT) and is more than 100 ms.

2. SCAN status: Wi-Fi slice and coexistence period are longer than in the CONNECTED status. To ensure Bluetooth performance, the Bluetooth time slice will also be adjusted accordingly.

3. CONNECTING status: Wi-Fi slice is longer than in the CONNECTED status. To ensure Bluetooth performance, the Bluetooth time slice will also be adjusted accordingly.

According to the coexistence logic, different coexistence periods and time slice strategies will be selected based on the Wi-Fi and Bluetooth usage scenarios. A Coexistence policy corresponding to a certain usage scenarios is called a "coexistence scheme". For example, the scenario of Wi-Fi CONNECTED and BLE CONNECTED has a corresponding coexistence scheme. In this scheme, the time slices of Wi-Fi and BLE in a coexistence period each account for 50%. The time allocation is shown in the following figure:

Time Slice Under the Status of Wi-Fi CONNECTED and BLE CONNECTED

Dynamic Priority

The coexistence module assigns varying priorities to different statuses of each module, and these priorities are dynamic. For example, in every N BLE Advertising events, there is always one event with high priority. If a high-priority BLE Advertising event occurs within the Wi-Fi time slice, the right to use the RF may be preempted by BLE.

How to Use the Coexistence Feature

Coexistence API

For most coexistence cases, ESP32-H2 will switch the coexistence status automatically without calling API. However, ESP32-H2 provides two APIs for the coexistence of BLE MESH and Wi-Fi. When the status of BLE MESH changes, call esp_coex_status_bit_clear to clear the previous status first and then call esp_coex_status_bit_set to set the current status.

BLE MESH Coexistence Status

As the firmware of Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are not aware of the current scenario of the upper layer application, some coexistence schemes require application code to call the coexistence API to take effect. The application layer needs to pass the working status of BLE MESH to the coexistence module for selecting the coexistence scheme.

• ESP_COEX_BLE_ST_MESH_CONFIG: network is provisioning

• ESP_COEX_BLE_ST_MESH_TRAFFIC: data is transmitting

• ESP_COEX_BLE_ST_MESH_STANDBY: in idle status with no significant data interaction

Coexistence API Error Codes

All coexistence APIs have custom return values, i.e. error codes. These error codes can be categorized as:

• No error. For example, the return value ESP_OK siginifies the API returned successfully.

• Recoverable errors. For example, the return value ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG signifies API parameter errors.

Setting Coexistence Compile-time Options

• After writing the coexistence program, you must check CONFIG_ESP_COEX_SW_COEXIST_ENABLE option through menuconfig to open coexistence configuration on software, otherwise the coexistence function mentioned above cannot be used.

• You can reduce the memory consumption by configuring the following options on menuconfig.

  • CONFIG_BT_BLE_DYNAMIC_ENV_MEMORY: enable the configuration of dynamic memory for Bluetooth protocol stack.

Note

As the coexistence configuration option relies on the presence of any two enabled modules, please ensure that both modules are activated before configuring any coexistence features.

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