Boot Mode Selection

This guide explains how to select the boot mode correctly and describes the boot log messages of ESP32-S3.

Warning

The ESP32-S3 has a 45k ohm internal pull-up/pull-down resistor at GPIO0 (and other pins). If you want to connect a switch button to enter the boot mode, this has to be a strong pull-down. For example a 10k resistor to GND.

Information about ESP32-S3 strapping pins can also be found in the ESP32-S3 Datasheet, section “Strapping Pins”.

On many development boards with built-in USB/Serial, esptool.py can automatically reset the board into bootloader mode. For other configurations or custom hardware, you will need to check the orientation of some “strapping pins” to get the correct boot mode:

Select Bootloader Mode

GPIO0

The ESP32-S3 will enter the serial bootloader when GPIO0 is held low on reset. Otherwise it will run the program in flash.

GPIO0 Input

Mode

Low/GND

ROM serial bootloader for esptool

High/VCC

Normal execution mode

GPIO0 has an internal pullup resistor, so if it is left unconnected then it will pull high.

Many boards use a button marked “Flash” (or “BOOT” on some Espressif development boards) that pulls GPIO0 low when pressed.

GPIO46

GPIO46 must also be either left unconnected/floating, or driven Low, in order to enter the serial bootloader.

In normal boot mode (GPIO0 high), GPIO46 is ignored.

Other Pins

As well as the above mentioned pins, other ones influence the serial bootloader, please consult the ESP32-S3 Datasheet, section “Strapping Pins”.

Automatic Bootloader

esptool.py resets ESP32-S3 automatically by asserting DTR and RTS control lines of the USB to serial converter chip, i.e., FTDI, CP210x, or CH340x. The DTR and RTS control lines are in turn connected to GPIO0 and EN (CHIP_PU) pins of ESP32-S3, thus changes in the voltage levels of DTR and RTS will boot the ESP32-S3 into Firmware Download mode.

Note

When developing esptool.py, keep in mind DTR and RTS are active low signals, i.e., True = pin @ 0V, False = pin @ VCC.

As an example of auto-reset curcuitry implementation, check the schematic of the ESP32 DevKitC development board:

  • The Micro USB 5V & USB-UART section shows the DTR and RTS control lines of the USB to serial converter chip connected to GPIO0 and EN pins of the ESP module.

  • Some OS and/or drivers may activate RTS and or DTR automatically when opening the serial port (true only for some serial terminal programs, not esptool.py), pulling them low together and holding the ESP in reset. If RTS is wired directly to EN then RTS/CTS “hardware flow control” needs to be disabled in the serial program to avoid this. An additional circuitry is implemented in order to avoid this problem - if both RTS and DTR are asserted together, this doesn’t reset the chip. The schematic shows this specific circuit with two transistors and its truth table.

  • If this circuitry is implemented (all Espressif boards have it), adding a capacitor between the EN pin and GND (in the 1uF-10uF range) is necessary for the reset circuitry to work reliably. This is shown in the ESP32 Module section of the schematic.

  • The Switch Button section shows buttons needed for manually switching to bootloader.

Make the following connections for esptool to automatically enter the bootloader of an ESP32-S3 chip:

ESP Pin

Serial Pin

EN

RTS

GPIO0

DTR

In Linux serial ports by default will assert RTS when nothing is attached to them. This can hold the ESP32-S3 in a reset loop which may cause some serial adapters to subsequently reset loop. This functionality can be disabled by disabling HUPCL (ie sudo stty -F /dev/ttyUSB0 -hupcl).

(Some third party ESP32-S3 development boards use an automatic reset circuit for EN & GPIO0 pins, but don’t add a capacitor on the EN pin. This results in unreliable automatic reset, especially on Windows. Adding a 1uF (or higher) value capacitor between EN pin and GND may make automatic reset more reliable.)

In general, you should have no problems with the official Espressif development boards. However, esptool.py is not able to reset your hardware automatically in the following cases:

  • Your hardware does not have the DTR and RTS lines connected to GPIO0 and EN (CHIP_PU)

  • The DTR and RTS lines are configured differently

  • There are no such serial control lines at all

Manual Bootloader

Depending on the kind of hardware you have, it may also be possible to manually put your ESP32-S3 board into Firmware Download mode (reset).

  • For development boards produced by Espressif, this information can be found in the respective getting started guides or user guides. For example, to manually reset a development board, hold down the Boot button (GPIO0) and press the EN button (EN (CHIP_PU)).

  • For other types of hardware, try pulling GPIO0 down.