HTTPS Server

[中文]

Overview

This component is built on top of HTTP Server. The HTTPS server takes advantage of hook registration functions in the regular HTTP server to provide callback function for SSL session.

All documentation for HTTP Server applies also to a server you create this way.

Used APIs

The following APIs of HTTP Server should not be used with HTTPS Server, as they are used internally to handle secure sessions and to maintain internal state:

• "send", "receive" and "pending" callback registration functions - secure socket handling

  • httpd_sess_set_send_override()

  • httpd_sess_set_recv_override()

  • httpd_sess_set_pending_override()

• "transport context" - both global and session

  • httpd_sess_get_transport_ctx() - returns SSL used for the session

  • httpd_sess_set_transport_ctx()

  • httpd_get_global_transport_ctx() - returns the shared SSL context

  • httpd_config::global_transport_ctx

  • httpd_config::global_transport_ctx_free_fn

  • httpd_config::open_fn - used to set up secure sockets

Everything else can be used without limitations.

Usage

Please see the example protocols/https_server to learn how to set up a secure server.

Basically, all you need is to generate a certificate, embed it into the firmware, and pass the init struct into the start function after the certificate address and lengths are correctly configured in the init struct.

The server can be started with or without SSL by changing a flag in the init struct - httpd_ssl_config::transport_mode. This could be used, e.g., for testing or in trusted environments where you prefer speed over security.

Performance

The initial session setup can take about two seconds, or more with slower clock speed or more verbose logging. Subsequent requests through the open secure socket are much faster (down to under 100 ms).

Event Handling

ESP HTTPS Server has various events for which a handler can be triggered by the Event Loop Library when the particular event occurs. The handler has to be registered using esp_event_handler_register(). This helps in event handling for ESP HTTPS Server.

esp_https_server_event_id_t has all the events which can happen for ESP HTTPS server.

Expected data type for different ESP HTTPS server events in event loop:

• HTTPS_SERVER_EVENT_ERROR : esp_https_server_last_error_t

• HTTPS_SERVER_EVENT_START : NULL

• HTTPS_SERVER_EVENT_ON_CONNECTED : NULL

• HTTPS_SERVER_EVENT_ON_DATA : int

• HTTPS_SERVER_EVENT_SENT_DATA : NULL

• HTTPS_SERVER_EVENT_DISCONNECTED : NULL

• HTTPS_SERVER_EVENT_STOP : NULL

Application Examples

• protocols/https_server/simple demonstrates how to create an HTTPS server that returns a simple HTML page when visited.

• protocols/https_server/wss_server demonstrates how to create an SSL server with a simple WebSocket request handler that supports handling multiple clients, PING-PONG mechanism, and sending asynchronous messages to all clients.

HTTPS Server Cert Selection Hook

The ESP HTTPS Server component provides an option to set the server certification selection hook. This feature allows you to configure and use a certificate selection callback during server handshake. The callback helps to select a certificate to present to the client based on the TLS extensions supplied in the client hello message, such as ALPN and SNI. To enable this feature, please enable CONFIG_ESP_HTTPS_SERVER_CERT_SELECT_HOOK in the ESP HTTPS Server menuconfig. Note that you also need to enable CONFIG_ESP_TLS_SERVER_CERT_SELECT_HOOK from the ESP-TLS component, as this option depends on it. Please note that the ESP-TLS option is only available when Mbedtls is used as the TLS stack for ESP-TLS (default behaviour).

When enabled, you can set the certificate selection callback using the httpd_ssl_config::cert_select_cb member of the httpd_ssl_config_t structure.

int cert_selection_callback(mbedtls_ssl_context *ssl)
  {
      /* Code that the callback should execute */
      return 0;
  }

  httpd_ssl_config_t cfg = {
      cert_select_cb = cert_section_callback,
  };

API Reference

Header File

• components/esp_https_server/include/esp_https_server.h

• This header file can be included with:

  #include "esp_https_server.h"
  

• This header file is a part of the API provided by the esp_https_server component. To declare that your component depends on esp_https_server, add the following to your CMakeLists.txt:

  REQUIRES esp_https_server
  

  or

  PRIV_REQUIRES esp_https_server
  

Functions

esp_err_t httpd_ssl_start(httpd_handle_t *handle, httpd_ssl_config_t *config)

Create a SSL capable HTTP server (secure mode may be disabled in config)

Parameters

• config -- [inout] - server config, must not be const. Does not have to stay valid after calling this function.

• handle -- [out] - storage for the server handle, must be a valid pointer

Returns

success

esp_err_t httpd_ssl_stop(httpd_handle_t handle)

Stop the server. Blocks until the server is shut down.

Parameters

handle -- [in]

Returns

• ESP_OK: Server stopped successfully

• ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG: Invalid argument

• ESP_FAIL: Failure to shut down server

Structures

struct esp_https_server_user_cb_arg

Callback data struct, contains the ESP-TLS connection handle and the connection state at which the callback is executed.

Public Members

httpd_ssl_user_cb_state_t user_cb_state

State of user callback

esp_tls_t *tls

ESP-TLS connection handle

struct httpd_ssl_config

HTTPS server config struct

Please use HTTPD_SSL_CONFIG_DEFAULT() to initialize it.

Public Members

httpd_config_t httpd

Underlying HTTPD server config

Parameters like task stack size and priority can be adjusted here.

const uint8_t *servercert

Server certificate

size_t servercert_len

Server certificate byte length

const uint8_t *cacert_pem

CA certificate ((CA used to sign clients, or client cert itself)

size_t cacert_len

CA certificate byte length

const uint8_t *prvtkey_pem

Private key

size_t prvtkey_len

Private key byte length

bool use_ecdsa_peripheral

Use ECDSA peripheral to use private key

uint8_t ecdsa_key_efuse_blk

The efuse block where ECDSA key is stored

httpd_ssl_transport_mode_t transport_mode

Transport Mode (default secure)

uint16_t port_secure

Port used when transport mode is secure (default 443)

uint16_t port_insecure

Port used when transport mode is insecure (default 80)

bool session_tickets

Enable tls session tickets

bool use_secure_element

Enable secure element for server session

esp_https_server_user_cb *user_cb

User callback for esp_https_server

void *ssl_userdata

User data to add to the ssl context

esp_https_server_cert_select_cb cert_select_cb

Certificate selection callback to use. The callback is only applicable when CONFIG_ESP_HTTPS_SERVER_CERT_SELECT_HOOK is enabled in menuconfig

const char **alpn_protos

Application protocols the server supports in order of prefernece. Used for negotiating during the TLS handshake, first one the client supports is selected. The data structure must live as long as the https server itself

Macros

HTTPD_SSL_CONFIG_DEFAULT()

Default config struct init Notes:

• port is set when starting the server, according to 'transport_mode'

• one socket uses ~ 40kB RAM with SSL, we reduce the default socket count to 4

• SSL sockets are usually long-lived, closing LRU prevents pool exhaustion DOS

• Stack size may need adjustments depending on the user application

Type Definitions

typedef esp_tls_handshake_callback esp_https_server_cert_select_cb

typedef struct esp_https_server_user_cb_arg esp_https_server_user_cb_arg_t

Callback data struct, contains the ESP-TLS connection handle and the connection state at which the callback is executed.

typedef esp_tls_last_error_t esp_https_server_last_error_t

typedef void esp_https_server_user_cb(esp_https_server_user_cb_arg_t *user_cb)

Callback function prototype Can be used to get connection or client information (SSL context) E.g. Client certificate, Socket FD, Connection state, etc.

Param user_cb

Callback data struct

typedef struct httpd_ssl_config httpd_ssl_config_t

Enumerations

enum esp_https_server_event_id_t

Values:

enumerator HTTPS_SERVER_EVENT_ERROR

This event occurs when there are any errors during execution

enumerator HTTPS_SERVER_EVENT_START

This event occurs when HTTPS Server is started

enumerator HTTPS_SERVER_EVENT_ON_CONNECTED

Once the HTTPS Server has been connected to the client

enumerator HTTPS_SERVER_EVENT_ON_DATA

Occurs when receiving data from the client

enumerator HTTPS_SERVER_EVENT_SENT_DATA

Occurs when an ESP HTTPS server sends data to the client

enumerator HTTPS_SERVER_EVENT_DISCONNECTED

The connection has been disconnected

enumerator HTTPS_SERVER_EVENT_STOP

This event occurs when HTTPS Server is stopped

enum httpd_ssl_transport_mode_t

Values:

enumerator HTTPD_SSL_TRANSPORT_SECURE

enumerator HTTPD_SSL_TRANSPORT_INSECURE

enum httpd_ssl_user_cb_state_t

Indicates the state at which the user callback is executed, i.e at session creation or session close.

Values:

enumerator HTTPD_SSL_USER_CB_SESS_CREATE

enumerator HTTPD_SSL_USER_CB_SESS_CLOSE

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