舵机
该组件使用 LEDC 外设产生 PWM 信号,可以实现对最多 16 路舵机的独立控制(ESP32 支持 16 路通道,ESP32-S2 支持 8 路通道),控制频率可选择为 50 ~ 400 Hz。使用该层 API,用户只需要指定舵机所在组、通道和目标角度,即可实现对舵机的角度操作。
舵机内部一般存在一个产生固定周期和脉宽的基准信号,通过与输入 PWM 信号进行比较,获得电压差输出,进而控制电机的转动方向和转动角度。常见的 180 度角旋转舵机一般以 20 ms (50 Hz) 为时钟周期,通过 0.5 ~ 2.5 ms 高电平脉冲,对应控制舵机在 0 ~ 180 度之间转动。
该组件可用于对控制精度要求较低的场景,例如玩具小车、遥控机器人、家庭自动化等。
使用方法
舵机初始化:使用
servo_init()
对一组通道进行初始化,ESP32 包含LEDC_LOW_SPEED_MODE
和LEDC_HIGH_SPEED_MODE
两组通道,有些芯片可能只支持一组。初始化配置项主要包括最大角度、信号频率、最小输入脉宽和最大输入脉宽,用于计算角度和占空比的对应关系;引脚和通道用于分别指定芯片引脚和 LEDC 通道的对应关系;设置目标角度:使用
servo_write_angle()
通过指定舵机所在组、所在通道和目标角度,对舵机角度进行控制;读取当前角度:可使用
servo_read_angle()
获取舵机当前角度,需要注意的是该角度是根据输入信号进行推算的理论角度;舵机去初始化:当一组多个舵机都不再使用时,可使用
servo_deinit()
对一组通道进行去初始化。
应用示例
servo_config_t servo_cfg = {
.max_angle = 180,
.min_width_us = 500,
.max_width_us = 2500,
.freq = 50,
.timer_number = LEDC_TIMER_0,
.channels = {
.servo_pin = {
SERVO_CH0_PIN,
SERVO_CH1_PIN,
SERVO_CH2_PIN,
SERVO_CH3_PIN,
SERVO_CH4_PIN,
SERVO_CH5_PIN,
SERVO_CH6_PIN,
SERVO_CH7_PIN,
},
.ch = {
LEDC_CHANNEL_0,
LEDC_CHANNEL_1,
LEDC_CHANNEL_2,
LEDC_CHANNEL_3,
LEDC_CHANNEL_4,
LEDC_CHANNEL_5,
LEDC_CHANNEL_6,
LEDC_CHANNEL_7,
},
},
.channel_number = 8,
} ;
iot_servo_init(LEDC_LOW_SPEED_MODE, &servo_cfg);
float angle = 100.0f;
// Set angle to 100 degree
iot_servo_write_angle(LEDC_LOW_SPEED_MODE, 0, angle);
// Get current angle of servo
iot_servo_read_angle(LEDC_LOW_SPEED_MODE, 0, &angle);
//deinit servo
iot_servo_deinit(LEDC_LOW_SPEED_MODE);
API 参考
Header File
Functions
-
esp_err_t iot_servo_init(ledc_mode_t speed_mode, const servo_config_t *config)
Initialize ledc to control the servo.
- 参数
speed_mode – Select the LEDC channel group with specified speed mode. Note that not all targets support high speed mode.
config – Pointer of servo configure struct
- 返回
ESP_OK Success
ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG Parameter error
ESP_FAIL Configure ledc failed
-
esp_err_t iot_servo_deinit(ledc_mode_t speed_mode)
Deinitialize ledc for servo.
- 参数
speed_mode – Select the LEDC channel group with specified speed mode.
- 返回
ESP_OK Success
-
esp_err_t iot_servo_write_angle(ledc_mode_t speed_mode, uint8_t channel, float angle)
Set the servo motor to a certain angle.
备注
This API is not thread-safe
- 参数
speed_mode – Select the LEDC channel group with specified speed mode.
channel – LEDC channel, select from ledc_channel_t
angle – The angle to go
- 返回
ESP_OK Success
ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG Parameter error
-
esp_err_t iot_servo_read_angle(ledc_mode_t speed_mode, uint8_t channel, float *angle)
Read current angle of one channel.
- 参数
speed_mode – Select the LEDC channel group with specified speed mode.
channel – LEDC channel, select from ledc_channel_t
angle – Current angle of the channel
- 返回
ESP_OK Success
ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG Parameter error
Structures
-
struct servo_channel_t
Configuration of servo motor channel.
-
struct servo_config_t
Configuration of servo motor.
Public Members
-
uint16_t max_angle
Servo max angle
-
uint16_t min_width_us
Pulse width corresponding to minimum angle, which is usually 500us
-
uint16_t max_width_us
Pulse width corresponding to maximum angle, which is usually 2500us
-
uint32_t freq
PWM frequency
-
ledc_timer_t timer_number
Timer number of ledc
-
servo_channel_t channels
Channels to use
-
uint8_t channel_number
Total channel number
-
uint16_t max_angle