Wi-Fi API¶

About¶

The Wi-Fi API provides support for the 802.11b/g/n protocol driver. This API includes:

Station mode (STA mode or Wi-Fi client mode). ESP32 connects to an access point
AP mode (aka Soft-AP mode or Access Point mode). Devices connect to the ESP32
Security modes (WPA2, WPA3 etc.)
Scanning for access points

Working as AP¶

In this mode, the ESP32 is configured as an Access Point (AP) and it’s capable of receiving incoming connections from other devices (stations) by providing a Wi-Fi network.

This mode can be used for serving an HTTP or HTTPS server inside the ESP32, for example.

Working as STA¶

The STA mode is used to connect the ESP32 to a Wi-Fi network, provided by an Access Point.

This is the mode to be used if you want to connect your project to the Internet.

API Description¶

Here is the description of the WiFi API.

Common API¶

Here are the common APIs that are used for both modes, AP and STA.

useStaticBuffers¶

This function is used to set the memory allocation mode for the Wi-Fi buffers.

static void useStaticBuffers(bool bufferMode);

Set true to use the Wi-Fi buffers memory allocation as static.
Set false to set the buffers memory allocation to dynamic.

The use of dynamic allocation is recommended to save memory and reduce resources usage. However, the dynamic performs slightly slower than the static allocation. Use static allocation if you want to have more performance and if your application is multi-tasking.

By default, the memory allocation will be set to dynamic if this function is not being used.

setDualAntennaConfig¶

Configures the Dual antenna functionallity. This function should be used only on the ESP32-WROOM-DA module or any other ESP32 with RF switch.

bool setDualAntennaConfig(uint8_t gpio_ant1, uint8_t gpio_ant2, wifi_rx_ant_t rx_mode, wifi_tx_ant_t tx_mode);

gpio_ant1 Configure the GPIO number for the antenna 1 connected to the RF switch (default GPIO2 on ESP32-WROOM-DA)
gpio_ant2 Configure the GPIO number for the antenna 2 connected to the RF switch (default GPIO25 on ESP32-WROOM-DA)
rx_mode Set the RX antenna mode. See wifi_rx_ant_t for the options.
tx_mode Set the TX antenna mode. See wifi_tx_ant_t for the options.

Return true if the configuration was successful.

For the rx_mode you can use the following configuration:

WIFI_RX_ANT0 Selects the antenna 1 for all RX activity.
WIFI_RX_ANT1 Selects the antenna 2 for all RX activity.
WIFI_RX_ANT_AUTO Selects the antenna for RX automatically.

For the tx_mode you can use the following configuration:

WIFI_TX_ANT0 Selects the antenna 1 for all TX activity.
WIFI_TX_ANT1 Selects the antenna 2 for all TX activity.
WIFI_TX_ANT_AUTO Selects the antenna for TX automatically.

WiFiAP¶

The WiFiAP is used to configure and manage the Wi-Fi as an Access Point. This is where you can find the related functions for the AP.

Basic Usage¶

To start the Wi-Fi as an Access Point.

WiFi.softAP(ssid, password);

Please see the full WiFiAP example in: ap example.

AP Configuration¶

softAP¶

Use the function softAP to configure the Wi-Fi AP characteristics:

bool softAP(const char* ssid, const char* passphrase = NULL, int channel = 1, int ssid_hidden = 0, int max_connection = 4, bool ftm_responder = false);

Where:

ssid sets the Wi-Fi network SSID.
passphrase sets the Wi-Fi network password. If the network is open, set as NULL.
channel configures the Wi-Fi channel.
ssid_hidden sets the network as hidden.
max_connection sets the maximum number of simultaneous connections. The default is 4.
ftm_responder sets the Wi-Fi FTM responder feature. Only for ESP32-S2 and ESP32-C3 SoC!

Return true if the configuration was successful.

softAPConfig¶

Function used to configure the IP as static (fixed) as well as the gateway and subnet.

bool softAPConfig(IPAddress local_ip, IPAddress gateway, IPAddress subnet);

Where:

local_ip sets the local IP address.
gateway sets the gateway IP.
subnet sets the subnet mask.

The function will return true if the configuration is successful.

AP Connection¶

softAPdisconnect¶

Function used to force the AP disconnection.

bool softAPdisconnect(bool wifioff = false);

Where:

wifioff sets the Wi-Fi off if true.

The function will return true if the configuration is successful.

softAPgetStationNum¶

This function returns the number of clients connected to the AP.

uint8_t softAPgetStationNum();

softAPIP¶

Function to get the AP IPv4 address.

IPAddress softAPIP();

The function will return the AP IP address in IPAddress format.

softAPBroadcastIP¶

Function to get the AP IPv4 broadcast address.

IPAddress softAPBroadcastIP();

The function will return the AP broadcast address in IPAddress format.

softAPNetworkID¶

Get the softAP network ID.

IPAddress softAPNetworkID();

The function will return the AP network address in IPAddress format.

softAPSubnetCIDR¶

Get the softAP subnet CIDR.

uint8_t softAPSubnetCIDR();

softAPenableIpV6¶

Function used to enable the IPv6 support.

bool softAPenableIpV6();

The function will return true if the configuration is successful.

softAPIPv6¶

Function to get the IPv6 address.

IPv6Address softAPIPv6();

The function will return the AP IPv6 address in IPv6Address format.

softAPgetHostname¶

Function to get the AP hostname.

const char * softAPgetHostname();

softAPsetHostname¶

Function to set the AP hostname.

bool softAPsetHostname(const char * hostname);

Where:

hostname sets the device hostname.

The function will return true if the configuration is successful.

softAPmacAddress¶

Function to define the AP MAC address.

uint8_t* softAPmacAddress(uint8_t* mac);

Where:

mac sets the new MAC address.

Function to get the AP MAC address.

String softAPmacAddress(void);

softAPSSID¶

Function to get the AP SSID.

String softAPSSID(void) const;

Returns the AP SSID.

WiFiSTA¶

The WiFiSTA is used to configure and manage the Wi-Fi as Station. The related functions for the STA are here.

Basic Usage¶

The following code shows the basic usage of the WifiSTA functionality.

WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

Where the ssid and password are from the network you want to connect the ESP32.

To check if the connection is successful, you can use:

while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    delay(500);
    Serial.print(".");
}

After a successful connection, you can print the IP address given by the network.

Serial.println("IP address: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());

Please see the full example of the WiFiSTA in: sta example.

STA Configuration¶

begin¶

Functions begin are used to configure and start the Wi-Fi.

wl_status_t begin(const char* ssid, const char *passphrase = NULL, int32_t channel = 0, const uint8_t* bssid = NULL, bool connect = true);

Where:

ssid sets the AP SSID.
passphrase sets the AP password. Set as NULL for open networks.
channel sets the Wi-Fi channel.
uint8_t* bssid sets the AP BSSID.
connect sets true to connect to the configured network automatically.

wl_status_t begin(char* ssid, char *passphrase = NULL, int32_t channel = 0, const uint8_t* bssid = NULL, bool connect = true);

Where:

ssid sets the AP SSID.
passphrase sets the AP password. Set as NULL for open networks.
channel sets the Wi-Fi channel.
bssid sets the AP BSSID.
connect sets true to connect to the configured network automatically.

Function to start the connection after being configured.

wl_status_t begin();

config¶

Function config is used to configure Wi-Fi. After configuring, you can call function begin to start the Wi-Fi process.

bool config(IPAddress local_ip, IPAddress gateway, IPAddress subnet, IPAddress dns1 = (uint32_t)0x00000000, IPAddress dns2 = (uint32_t)0x00000000);

Where:

local_ip sets the local IP.
gateway sets the gateway IP.
subnet sets the subnet mask.
dns1 sets the DNS.
dns2 sets the DNS alternative option.

The function will return true if the configuration is successful.

The IPAddress format is defined by 4 bytes as described here:

IPAddress(uint8_t first_octet, uint8_t second_octet, uint8_t third_octet, uint8_t fourth_octet);

Example:

IPAddress local_ip(192, 168, 10, 20);

See the WiFiClientStaticIP.ino for more details on how to use this feature.

STA Connection¶

reconnect¶

Function used to reconnect the Wi-Fi connection.

bool reconnect();

disconnect¶

Function to force disconnection.

bool disconnect(bool wifioff = false, bool eraseap = false);

Where:

wifioff use true to turn the Wi-Fi radio off.
eraseap use true to erase the AP configuration from the NVS memory.

The function will return true if the configuration is successful.

isConnected¶

Function used to get the connection state.

bool isConnected();

Return the connection state.

setAutoConnect¶

Function is deprecated.

getAutoConnect¶

Function is deprecated.

setAutoReconnect¶

Function used to set the automatic reconnection if the connection is lost.

bool setAutoReconnect(bool autoReconnect);

Where:

autoConnect is set to true to enable this option.

getAutoReconnect¶

Function used to get the automatic reconnection if the connection is lost.

bool getAutoReconnect();

The function will return true if this setting is enabled.

setMinSecurity¶

Function used to set the minimum security for AP to be considered connectable.

bool setMinSecurity(wifi_auth_mode_t minSecurity);

Where:

minSecurity is the minimum security for AP to be considered connectable. Default is WIFI_AUTH_WPA2_PSK.

WiFiMulti¶

The WiFiMulti allows you to add more than one option for the AP connection while running as a station.

To add the AP, use the following function. You can add multiple AP’s and this library will handle the connection.

bool addAP(const char* ssid, const char *passphrase = NULL);

After adding the AP’s, run by the following function.

uint8_t run(uint32_t connectTimeout=5000);

To see how to use the WiFiMulti, take a look at the WiFiMulti.ino example available.

WiFiScan¶

To perform the Wi-Fi scan for networks, you can use the following functions:

Start scan WiFi networks available.

int16_t scanNetworks(bool async = false, bool show_hidden = false, bool passive = false, uint32_t max_ms_per_chan = 300, uint8_t channel = 0);

Called to get the scan state in Async mode.

int16_t scanComplete();

Delete last scan result from RAM.

void scanDelete();

Loads all infos from a scanned wifi in to the ptr parameters.

bool getNetworkInfo(uint8_t networkItem, String &ssid, uint8_t &encryptionType, int32_t &RSSI, uint8_t* &BSSID, int32_t &channel);

To see how to use the WiFiScan, take a look at the WiFiScan.ino example available.

Examples¶

Wi-Fi AP Example¶

/*
  WiFiAccessPoint.ino creates a WiFi access point and provides a web server on it.

  Steps:
  1. Connect to the access point "yourAp"
  2. Point your web browser to http://192.168.4.1/H to turn the LED on or http://192.168.4.1/L to turn it off
     OR
     Run raw TCP "GET /H" and "GET /L" on PuTTY terminal with 192.168.4.1 as IP address and 80 as port

  Created for arduino-esp32 on 04 July, 2018
  by Elochukwu Ifediora (fedy0)
*/

#include <WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiClient.h>
#include <WiFiAP.h>

#define LED_BUILTIN 2   // Set the GPIO pin where you connected your test LED or comment this line out if your dev board has a built-in LED

// Set these to your desired credentials.
const char *ssid = "yourAP";
const char *password = "yourPassword";

WiFiServer server(80);


void setup() {
  pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);

  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.println();
  Serial.println("Configuring access point...");

  // You can remove the password parameter if you want the AP to be open.
  // a valid password must have more than 7 characters
  if (!WiFi.softAP(ssid, password)) {
    log_e("Soft AP creation failed.");
    while(1);
  }
  IPAddress myIP = WiFi.softAPIP();
  Serial.print("AP IP address: ");
  Serial.println(myIP);
  server.begin();

  Serial.println("Server started");
}

void loop() {
  WiFiClient client = server.available();   // listen for incoming clients

  if (client) {                             // if you get a client,
    Serial.println("New Client.");           // print a message out the serial port
    String currentLine = "";                // make a String to hold incoming data from the client
    while (client.connected()) {            // loop while the client's connected
      if (client.available()) {             // if there's bytes to read from the client,
        char c = client.read();             // read a byte, then
        Serial.write(c);                    // print it out the serial monitor
        if (c == '\n') {                    // if the byte is a newline character

          // if the current line is blank, you got two newline characters in a row.
          // that's the end of the client HTTP request, so send a response:
          if (currentLine.length() == 0) {
            // HTTP headers always start with a response code (e.g. HTTP/1.1 200 OK)
            // and a content-type so the client knows what's coming, then a blank line:
            client.println("HTTP/1.1 200 OK");
            client.println("Content-type:text/html");
            client.println();

            // the content of the HTTP response follows the header:
            client.print("Click <a href=\"/H\">here</a> to turn ON the LED.<br>");
            client.print("Click <a href=\"/L\">here</a> to turn OFF the LED.<br>");

            // The HTTP response ends with another blank line:
            client.println();
            // break out of the while loop:
            break;
          } else {    // if you got a newline, then clear currentLine:
            currentLine = "";
          }
        } else if (c != '\r') {  // if you got anything else but a carriage return character,
          currentLine += c;      // add it to the end of the currentLine
        }

        // Check to see if the client request was "GET /H" or "GET /L":
        if (currentLine.endsWith("GET /H")) {
          digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);               // GET /H turns the LED on
        }
        if (currentLine.endsWith("GET /L")) {
          digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);                // GET /L turns the LED off
        }
      }
    }
    // close the connection:
    client.stop();
    Serial.println("Client Disconnected.");
  }
}

Wi-Fi STA Example¶

/*
    Go to thingspeak.com and create an account if you don't have one already.
    After logging in, click on the "New Channel" button to create a new channel for your data. This is where your data will be stored and displayed.
    Fill in the Name, Description, and other fields for your channel as desired, then click the "Save Channel" button.
    Take note of the "Write API Key" located in the "API keys" tab, this is the key you will use to send data to your channel.
    Replace the channelID from tab "Channel Settings" and privateKey with "Read API Keys" from "API Keys" tab.
    Replace the host variable with the thingspeak server hostname "api.thingspeak.com"
    Upload the sketch to your ESP32 board and make sure that the board is connected to the internet. The ESP32 should now send data to your Thingspeak channel at the intervals specified by the loop function.
    Go to the channel view page on thingspeak and check the "Field1" for the new incoming data.
    You can use the data visualization and analysis tools provided by Thingspeak to display and process your data in various ways.
    Please note, that Thingspeak accepts only integer values.

    You can later check the values at https://thingspeak.com/channels/2005329
    Please note that this public channel can be accessed by anyone and it is possible that more people will write their values.
 */

#include <WiFi.h>

const char* ssid     = "your-ssid"; // Change this to your WiFi SSID
const char* password = "your-password"; // Change this to your WiFi password

const char* host = "api.thingspeak.com"; // This should not be changed
const int httpPort = 80; // This should not be changed
const String channelID   = "2005329"; // Change this to your channel ID
const String writeApiKey = "V6YOTILH9I7D51F9"; // Change this to your Write API key
const String readApiKey = "34W6LGLIFXD56MPM"; // Change this to your Read API key

// The default example accepts one data filed named "field1"
// For your own server you can ofcourse create more of them.
int field1 = 0;

int numberOfResults = 3; // Number of results to be read
int fieldNumber = 1; // Field number which will be read out

void setup()
{
    Serial.begin(115200);
    while(!Serial){delay(100);}

    // We start by connecting to a WiFi network

    Serial.println();
    Serial.println("******************************************************");
    Serial.print("Connecting to ");
    Serial.println(ssid);

    WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

    while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
        delay(500);
        Serial.print(".");
    }

    Serial.println("");
    Serial.println("WiFi connected");
    Serial.println("IP address: ");
    Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
}

void readResponse(WiFiClient *client){
  unsigned long timeout = millis();
  while(client->available() == 0){
    if(millis() - timeout > 5000){
      Serial.println(">>> Client Timeout !");
      client->stop();
      return;
    }
  }

  // Read all the lines of the reply from server and print them to Serial
  while(client->available()) {
    String line = client->readStringUntil('\r');
    Serial.print(line);
  }

  Serial.printf("\nClosing connection\n\n");
}

void loop(){
  WiFiClient client;
  String footer = String(" HTTP/1.1\r\n") + "Host: " + String(host) + "\r\n" + "Connection: close\r\n\r\n";

  // WRITE --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  if (!client.connect(host, httpPort)) {
    return;
  }

  client.print("GET /update?api_key=" + writeApiKey + "&field1=" + field1 + footer);
  readResponse(&client);

  // READ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  String readRequest = "GET /channels/" + channelID + "/fields/" + fieldNumber + ".json?results=" + numberOfResults + " HTTP/1.1\r\n" +
                       "Host: " + host + "\r\n" +
                       "Connection: close\r\n\r\n";

  if (!client.connect(host, httpPort)) {
    return;
  }

  client.print(readRequest);
  readResponse(&client);

  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  ++field1;
  delay(10000);
}

Wi-Fi API¶

About¶

Working as AP¶

Working as STA¶

API Description¶

Common API¶

useStaticBuffers¶

setDualAntennaConfig¶

WiFiAP¶

Basic Usage¶

AP Configuration¶

softAP¶

softAPConfig¶

AP Connection¶

softAPdisconnect¶

softAPgetStationNum¶

softAPIP¶

softAPBroadcastIP¶

softAPNetworkID¶

softAPSubnetCIDR¶

softAPenableIpV6¶

softAPIPv6¶

softAPgetHostname¶

softAPsetHostname¶

softAPmacAddress¶

softAPSSID¶

WiFiSTA¶

Basic Usage¶

STA Configuration¶

begin¶

config¶

STA Connection¶

reconnect¶

disconnect¶

isConnected¶

setAutoConnect¶

getAutoConnect¶

setAutoReconnect¶

getAutoReconnect¶

setMinSecurity¶

WiFiMulti¶

WiFiScan¶

Examples¶

Wi-Fi AP Example¶

Wi-Fi STA Example¶

References¶