SDMMC Host Driver

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Overview

ESP32-P4's SDMMC host peripheral has two slots. Each slot can be used independently to connect to an SD card, SDIO device, or eMMC chip.

Both slots SDMMC_HOST_SLOT_0 and SDMMC_HOST_SLOT_1 support 1-, 4- and 8-line SD interfaces. The slots are connected to ESP32-P4 GPIOs using the GPIO matrix. This means that any GPIO may be used for each of the SD card signals.

  • SDMMC_HOST_SLOT_1 is routed via GPIO Matrix. This means that any GPIO may be used for each of the SD card signals. It is for non UHS-I usage.

  • SDMMC_HOST_SLOT_0 is dedicated to UHS-I mode, which is not yet supported in the driver.

On ESP32-P4, SDMMC host requires an external power supply for the IO voltage. Please refer to Configuring Voltage Level for details.

Supported Speed Modes

SDMMC Host driver supports the following speed modes:

  • Default Speed (20 MHz): 1-line or 4-line with SD cards, and 1-line, 4-line, or 8-line with 3.3 V eMMC

  • High Speed (40 MHz): 1-line or 4-line with SD cards, and 1-line, 4-line, or 8-line with 3.3 V eMMC

  • High Speed DDR (40 MHz): 4-line with 3.3 V eMMC

Speed modes not supported at present:

  • High Speed DDR mode: 8-line eMMC

  • UHS-I 1.8 V modes: 4-line SD cards

Using the SDMMC Host Driver

Of all the functions listed below, only the following ones will be used directly by most applications:

Other functions, such as the ones given below, will be called by the SD/MMC protocol layer via function pointers in the sdmmc_host_t structure:

Configuring Bus Width and Frequency

With the default initializers for sdmmc_host_t and sdmmc_slot_config_t, i.e., SDMMC_HOST_DEFAULT and SDMMC_SLOT_CONFIG_DEFAULT, SDMMC Host driver will attempt to use the widest bus supported by the card (4 lines for SD, 8 lines for eMMC) and the frequency of 20 MHz.

In the designs where communication at 40 MHz frequency can be achieved, it is possible to increase the bus frequency by changing the max_freq_khz field of sdmmc_host_t:

sdmmc_host_t host = SDMMC_HOST_DEFAULT();
host.max_freq_khz = SDMMC_FREQ_HIGHSPEED;

If you need a specific frequency other than standard speeds, you are free to use any value from within an appropriate range of the SD interface given (SDMMC or SDSPI). However, the real clock frequency shall be calculated by the underlying driver and the value can be different from the one required.

For the SDMMC, max_freq_khz works as the upper limit so the final frequency value shall be always lower or equal. For the SDSPI, the nearest fitting frequency is supplied and thus the value can be greater than/equal to/lower than max_freq_khz.

To configure the bus width, set the width field of sdmmc_slot_config_t. For example, to set 1-line mode:

sdmmc_slot_config_t slot = SDMMC_SLOT_CONFIG_DEFAULT();
slot.width = 1;

Configuring GPIOs

ESP32-P4 SDMMC Host can be configured to use arbitrary GPIOs for each of the signals. Configuration is performed by setting members of sdmmc_slot_config_t structure.

For example, to use GPIOs 1-6 for CLK, CMD, and D0-D3 signals respectively:

sdmmc_slot_config_t slot = SDMMC_SLOT_CONFIG_DEFAULT();
slot.clk = GPIO_NUM_1;
slot.cmd = GPIO_NUM_2;
slot.d0 = GPIO_NUM_3;
slot.d1 = GPIO_NUM_4;
slot.d2 = GPIO_NUM_5;
slot.d3 = GPIO_NUM_6;

It is also possible to configure Card Detect and Write Protect pins. Similar to other signals, set cd and wp members of the same structure:

slot.cd = GPIO_NUM_7;
slot.wp = GPIO_NUM_8;

SDMMC_SLOT_CONFIG_DEFAULT sets both to GPIO_NUM_NC, meaning that by default the signals are not used.

Once sdmmc_slot_config_t structure is initialized this way, you can use it when calling sdmmc_host_init_slot() or one of the higher level functions (such as esp_vfs_fat_sdmmc_mount()).

Configuring Voltage Level

ESP32-P4 SDMMC Host requires the IO voltage to be supplied externally via the VDDPST_5 (SD_VREF) pin. If the design doesn't require the higher speed SD modes, this pin can be simply connected to the 3.3V supply.

If the design does require higher speed SD modes (which only work at 1.8V IO levels), there are two options available:

  • Use the on-chip programmable LDO. In this case, connect the desired LDO output channel to VDDPST_5 (SD_VREF) pin. Call sd_pwr_ctrl_new_on_chip_ldo() to initialize the SD power control driver, then set sdmmc_host_t::pwr_ctrl_handle to the resulting handle.

  • Use an external programmable LDO. Likewise, connect the LDO output to the VDDPST_5 (SD_VREF) pin. Then implement a custom sd_pwr_ctrl driver to control your LDO. Finally, assign sdmmc_host_t::pwr_ctrl_handle to the handle of your driver instance.

DDR Mode for eMMC Chips

By default, DDR mode will be used if:

  • SDMMC host frequency is set to SDMMC_FREQ_HIGHSPEED in sdmmc_host_t structure, and

  • eMMC chip reports DDR mode support in its CSD register

DDR mode places higher requirements for signal integrity. To disable DDR mode while keeping the SDMMC_FREQ_HIGHSPEED frequency, clear the SDMMC_HOST_FLAG_DDR bit in sdmmc_host_t::flags field of the sdmmc_host_t:

sdmmc_host_t host = SDMMC_HOST_DEFAULT();
host.max_freq_khz = SDMMC_FREQ_HIGHSPEED;
host.flags &= ~SDMMC_HOST_FLAG_DDR;

See also

  • SD/SDIO/MMC Driver: introduces the higher-level driver which implements the protocol layer.

  • SD SPI Host Driver: introduces a similar driver that uses the SPI controller and is limited to SD protocol's SPI mode.

  • SD Pull-up Requirements: introduces pull-up support and compatibilities of modules and development kits.

API Reference

Header File

  • components/esp_driver_sdmmc/include/driver/sdmmc_host.h

  • This header file can be included with:

    #include "driver/sdmmc_host.h"

  • This header file is a part of the API provided by the esp_driver_sdmmc component. To declare that your component depends on esp_driver_sdmmc, add the following to your CMakeLists.txt:

    REQUIRES esp_driver_sdmmc

    or

    PRIV_REQUIRES esp_driver_sdmmc

Functions

esp_err_t sdmmc_host_init(void)

Initialize SDMMC host peripheral.

Note

This function is not thread safe

Returns

  • ESP_OK on success or if sdmmc_host_init was already initialized with this function

  • ESP_ERR_NO_MEM if memory can not be allocated

esp_err_t sdmmc_host_init_slot(int slot, const sdmmc_slot_config_t *slot_config)

Initialize given slot of SDMMC peripheral.

On the ESP32, SDMMC peripheral has two slots:

  • Slot 0: 8-bit wide, maps to HS1_* signals in PIN MUX

  • Slot 1: 4-bit wide, maps to HS2_* signals in PIN MUX

Card detect and write protect signals can be routed to arbitrary GPIOs using GPIO matrix.

Note

This function is not thread safe

Parameters

  • slot -- slot number (SDMMC_HOST_SLOT_0 or SDMMC_HOST_SLOT_1)

  • slot_config -- additional configuration for the slot

Returns

  • ESP_OK on success

  • ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE if host has not been initialized using sdmmc_host_init

  • ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG if GPIO pins from slot_config are not valid

esp_err_t sdmmc_host_set_bus_width(int slot, size_t width)

Select bus width to be used for data transfer.

SD/MMC card must be initialized prior to this command, and a command to set bus width has to be sent to the card (e.g. SD_APP_SET_BUS_WIDTH)

Note

This function is not thread safe

Parameters

  • slot -- slot number (SDMMC_HOST_SLOT_0 or SDMMC_HOST_SLOT_1)

  • width -- bus width (1, 4, or 8 for slot 0; 1 or 4 for slot 1)

Returns

  • ESP_OK on success

  • ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG if slot number or width is not valid

size_t sdmmc_host_get_slot_width(int slot)

Get bus width configured in sdmmc_host_init_slot to be used for data transfer.

Parameters

slot -- slot number (SDMMC_HOST_SLOT_0 or SDMMC_HOST_SLOT_1)

Returns

configured bus width of the specified slot.

esp_err_t sdmmc_host_set_card_clk(int slot, uint32_t freq_khz)

Set card clock frequency.

Currently only integer fractions of 40MHz clock can be used. For High Speed cards, 40MHz can be used. For Default Speed cards, 20MHz can be used.

Note

This function is not thread safe

Parameters

  • slot -- slot number (SDMMC_HOST_SLOT_0 or SDMMC_HOST_SLOT_1)

  • freq_khz -- card clock frequency, in kHz

Returns

  • ESP_OK on success

  • other error codes may be returned in the future

esp_err_t sdmmc_host_set_bus_ddr_mode(int slot, bool ddr_enabled)

Enable or disable DDR mode of SD interface.

Parameters

  • slot -- slot number (SDMMC_HOST_SLOT_0 or SDMMC_HOST_SLOT_1)

  • ddr_enabled -- enable or disable DDR mode

Returns

  • ESP_OK on success

  • ESP_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED if DDR mode is not supported on this slot

esp_err_t sdmmc_host_set_cclk_always_on(int slot, bool cclk_always_on)

Enable or disable always-on card clock When cclk_always_on is false, the host controller is allowed to shut down the card clock between the commands. When cclk_always_on is true, the clock is generated even if no command is in progress.

Parameters

  • slot -- slot number

  • cclk_always_on -- enable or disable always-on clock

Returns

  • ESP_OK on success

  • ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG if the slot number is invalid

esp_err_t sdmmc_host_do_transaction(int slot, sdmmc_command_t *cmdinfo)

Send command to the card and get response.

This function returns when command is sent and response is received, or data is transferred, or timeout occurs.

Attention

Data buffer passed in cmdinfo->data must be in DMA capable memory and aligned to 4 byte boundary. If it's behind the cache, both cmdinfo->data and cmdinfo->buflen need to be aligned to cache line boundary.

Note

This function is not thread safe w.r.t. init/deinit functions, and bus width/clock speed configuration functions. Multiple tasks can call sdmmc_host_do_transaction as long as other sdmmc_host_* functions are not called.

Parameters

  • slot -- slot number (SDMMC_HOST_SLOT_0 or SDMMC_HOST_SLOT_1)

  • cmdinfo -- pointer to structure describing command and data to transfer

Returns

  • ESP_OK on success

  • ESP_ERR_TIMEOUT if response or data transfer has timed out

  • ESP_ERR_INVALID_CRC if response or data transfer CRC check has failed

  • ESP_ERR_INVALID_RESPONSE if the card has sent an invalid response

  • ESP_ERR_INVALID_SIZE if the size of data transfer is not valid in SD protocol

  • ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG if the data buffer is not in DMA capable memory

esp_err_t sdmmc_host_io_int_enable(int slot)

Enable IO interrupts.

This function configures the host to accept SDIO interrupts.

Parameters

slot -- slot number (SDMMC_HOST_SLOT_0 or SDMMC_HOST_SLOT_1)

Returns

returns ESP_OK, other errors possible in the future

esp_err_t sdmmc_host_io_int_wait(int slot, TickType_t timeout_ticks)

Block until an SDIO interrupt is received, or timeout occurs.

Parameters

  • slot -- slot number (SDMMC_HOST_SLOT_0 or SDMMC_HOST_SLOT_1)

  • timeout_ticks -- number of RTOS ticks to wait for the interrupt

Returns

  • ESP_OK on success (interrupt received)

  • ESP_ERR_TIMEOUT if the interrupt did not occur within timeout_ticks

esp_err_t sdmmc_host_deinit_slot(int slot)

Disable SDMMC host and release allocated resources gracefully.

Note

If there are more than 1 active slots, this function will just decrease the reference count and won't actually disable the host until the last slot is disabled

Note

This function is not thread safe

Parameters

slot -- slot number (SDMMC_HOST_SLOT_0 or SDMMC_HOST_SLOT_1)

Returns

  • ESP_OK on success

  • ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE if SDMMC host has not been initialized

  • ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG if invalid slot number is used

esp_err_t sdmmc_host_deinit(void)

Disable SDMMC host and release allocated resources forcefully.

Note

This function will deinitialize the host immediately, regardless of the number of active slots

Note

This function is not thread safe

Returns

  • ESP_OK on success

  • ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE if SDMMC host has not been initialized

esp_err_t sdmmc_host_get_real_freq(int slot, int *real_freq_khz)

Provides a real frequency used for an SD card installed on specific slot of SD/MMC host controller.

This function calculates real working frequency given by current SD/MMC host controller setup for required slot: it reads associated host and card dividers from corresponding SDMMC registers, calculates respective frequency and stores the value into the 'real_freq_khz' parameter

Parameters

  • slot -- slot number (SDMMC_HOST_SLOT_0 or SDMMC_HOST_SLOT_1)

  • real_freq_khz -- [out] output parameter for the result frequency (in kHz)

Returns

  • ESP_OK on success

  • ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG on real_freq_khz == NULL or invalid slot number used

esp_err_t sdmmc_host_set_input_delay(int slot, sdmmc_delay_phase_t delay_phase)

set input delay

  • This API sets delay when the SDMMC Host samples the signal from the SD Slave.

  • This API will check if the given delay_phase is valid or not.

  • This API will print out the delay time, in picosecond (ps)

Note

ESP32 doesn't support this feature, you will get an ESP_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED

Parameters

  • slot -- slot number (SDMMC_HOST_SLOT_0 or SDMMC_HOST_SLOT_1)

  • delay_phase -- delay phase, this API will convert the phase into picoseconds and print it out

Returns

  • ESP_OK: ON success.

  • ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG: Invalid argument.

  • ESP_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED: ESP32 doesn't support this feature.

esp_err_t sdmmc_host_get_dma_info(int slot, esp_dma_mem_info_t *dma_mem_info)

Get the DMA memory information for the host driver.

Parameters

  • slot -- [in] slot number (SDMMC_HOST_SLOT_0 or SDMMC_HOST_SLOT_1)

  • dma_mem_info -- [out] DMA memory information structure

Returns

  • ESP_OK: ON success.

  • ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG: Invalid argument.

esp_err_t sdmmc_host_get_state(sdmmc_host_state_t *state)

Get the state of SDMMC host.

Parameters

state -- [out] output parameter for SDMMC host state structure

Returns

  • ESP_OK on success

  • ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG on invalid argument

Structures

struct sdmmc_slot_config_t

Extra configuration for SDMMC peripheral slot

Public Members

gpio_num_t clk

GPIO number of CLK signal.

gpio_num_t cmd

GPIO number of CMD signal.

gpio_num_t d0

GPIO number of D0 signal.

gpio_num_t d1

GPIO number of D1 signal.

gpio_num_t d2

GPIO number of D2 signal.

gpio_num_t d3

GPIO number of D3 signal.

gpio_num_t d4

GPIO number of D4 signal. Ignored in 1- or 4- line mode.

gpio_num_t d5

GPIO number of D5 signal. Ignored in 1- or 4- line mode.

gpio_num_t d6

GPIO number of D6 signal. Ignored in 1- or 4- line mode.

gpio_num_t d7

GPIO number of D7 signal. Ignored in 1- or 4- line mode.

gpio_num_t gpio_cd

GPIO number of card detect signal.

gpio_num_t cd

GPIO number of card detect signal; shorter name.

gpio_num_t gpio_wp

GPIO number of write protect signal.

gpio_num_t wp

GPIO number of write protect signal; shorter name.

uint8_t width

Bus width used by the slot (might be less than the max width supported)

uint32_t flags

Features used by this slot.

struct sdmmc_host_state_t

SD/MMC host state structure

Public Members

bool host_initialized

Whether the host is initialized.

int num_of_init_slots

Number of initialized slots.

Macros

SDMMC_SLOT_FLAG_INTERNAL_PULLUP

Enable internal pullups on enabled pins. The internal pullups are insufficient however, please make sure external pullups are connected on the bus. This is for debug / example purpose only.

SDMMC_SLOT_FLAG_WP_ACTIVE_HIGH

GPIO write protect polarity. 0 means "active low", i.e. card is protected when the GPIO is low; 1 means "active high", i.e. card is protected when GPIO is high.

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