应用程序镜像格式

[English]

应用程序镜像结构

应用程序镜像包含以下内容：

  1. esp_image_header_t 结构体描述了 SPI flash 的模式和内存段的数量。

  2. esp_image_segment_header_t 结构体描述了每个段、每个段的长度及其在 ESP32-C61 内存中的位置，此描述后接长度为 data_len 的数据。镜像中每个段的数据偏移量的计算方式如下：

segment_count 字段定义了每个段的数量，存储在 esp_image_header_t 中。各段段数量不能超过 ESP_IMAGE_MAX_SEGMENTS。

运行以下命令，获取镜像段列表：

esptool --chip esp32c61 image-info build/app.bin

esptool v5.0.2
Image size: 137312 bytes

ESP32 Image Header
==================
Image version: 1
Entry point: 0x40081214
Segments: 6
Flash size: 2MB
Flash freq: 40m
Flash mode: DIO

ESP32 Extended Image Header
===========================
WP pin: 0xee (disabled)
Flash pins drive settings: clk_drv: 0x0, q_drv: 0x0, d_drv: 0x0, cs0_drv: 0x0, hd_drv: 0x0, wp_drv: 0x0
Chip ID: 0 (ESP32)
Minimal chip revision: v0.0, (legacy min_rev = 0)
Maximal chip revision: v3.99

Segments Information
====================
Segment   Length   Load addr   File offs  Memory types
-------  -------  ----------  ----------  ------------
    0  0x0711c  0x3f400020  0x00000018  DROM
    1  0x0241c  0x3ffb0000  0x0000713c  BYTE_ACCESSIBLE, DRAM
    2  0x06ab0  0x40080000  0x00009560  IRAM
    3  0x0b724  0x400d0020  0x00010018  IROM
    4  0x060c0  0x40086ab0  0x0001b744  IRAM
    5  0x00024  0x50000000  0x0002180c  RTC_DATA

ESP32 Image Footer
==================
Checksum: 0x4b (valid)
Validation hash: 8808f05a62fe1a6e1e6830414b95229454b012eb2001511ca434d34e9e63c962 (valid)

Application Information
=======================
Project name: hello_world
App version: qa-test-esp32c61-master-2025070
Compile time: Aug 12 2025 16:36:40
ELF file SHA256: 10972f521b52276e988631d7408de388d639437118e8217c366f2bd93b52e1b6
ESP-IDF: v6.0-dev-1692-g7aad0d47e66-dirt
Minimal eFuse block revision: 0.0
Maximal eFuse block revision: 0.99
MMU page size: 64 KB
Secure version: 0

应用程序启动时，ESP-IDF 日志中也会包含段的相关信息：

I (443) esp_image: segment 0: paddr=0x00020020 vaddr=0x3f400020 size=0x13ce0 ( 81120) map
I (489) esp_image: segment 1: paddr=0x00033d08 vaddr=0x3ff80000 size=0x00000 ( 0) load
I (530) esp_image: segment 2: paddr=0x00033d10 vaddr=0x3ff80000 size=0x00000 ( 0) load
I (571) esp_image: segment 3: paddr=0x00033d18 vaddr=0x3ffb0000 size=0x028e0 ( 10464) load
I (612) esp_image: segment 4: paddr=0x00036600 vaddr=0x3ffb28e0 size=0x00000 ( 0) load
I (654) esp_image: segment 5: paddr=0x00036608 vaddr=0x40080000 size=0x00400 ( 1024) load
I (695) esp_image: segment 6: paddr=0x00036a10 vaddr=0x40080400 size=0x09600 ( 38400) load
I (737) esp_image: segment 7: paddr=0x00040018 vaddr=0x400d0018 size=0x62e4c (405068) map
I (847) esp_image: segment 8: paddr=0x000a2e6c vaddr=0x40089a00 size=0x06cec ( 27884) load
I (888) esp_image: segment 9: paddr=0x000a9b60 vaddr=0x400c0000 size=0x00000 ( 0) load
I (929) esp_image: segment 10: paddr=0x000a9b68 vaddr=0x50000000 size=0x00004 ( 4) load
I (971) esp_image: segment 11: paddr=0x000a9b74 vaddr=0x50000004 size=0x00000 ( 0) load
I (1012) esp_image: segment 12: paddr=0x000a9b7c vaddr=0x50000004 size=0x00000 ( 0) load

有关内存段类型和地址范围的详细信息，请参阅 ESP32-C61 技术参考手册 > 系统和存储器 > 内部存储器 [PDF]。

  1. 镜像有一个校验和字节，位于最后一个段之后。此字节写在一个十六字节填充边界上，因此应用程序镜像可能需要填充。

  2. 如果在 esp_image_header_t 中设置了 hash_appended 字段，则会附加 SHA256 校验和字段。SHA256 哈希值的计算范围是从第一个字节开始，到这个字段为止。该字段长度为 32 字节。

  3. 如果选项 CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_APPS_SCHEME 设置为 ECDSA，那么应用程序镜像将有额外的 68 字节用于 ECDSA 签名，其中包括：

    • 版本号（4 字节）

    • 签名数据（64 字节）

  4. 如果选项 CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_APPS_SCHEME 设置为 RSA 或 ECDSA (V2)，则应用程序镜像将有一个额外的签名扇区，大小为 4K 字节。关于此签名扇区格式的更多内容，请参考 签名块格式。

应用程序描述

应用程序二进制文件的 DROM 段从 esp_app_desc_t 结构体开始，该结构体中包含了用于描述应用程序的特定字段，如下所示：

  • magic_word：esp_app_desc_t 结构体的魔术词

  • secure_version：参见 防回滚

  • version：参见 应用程序版本 [1]

  • project_name：通过 PROJECT_NAME 填充 [1]

  • time 和 date：编译时间和日期

  • idf_ver：ESP-IDF 的版本 [1]

  • app_elf_sha256：包含应用程序 ELF 文件的 sha256 哈希

这个结构体有助于识别通过空中升级 (OTA) 上传的镜像，因为其中包含一个固定的偏移量，大小为 sizeof(esp_image_header_t) + sizeof(esp_image_segment_header_t)。一旦设备接收到包含此结构体的第一个段，就能根据其中的充分信息来确定是否应继续更新。

要获取当前运行的应用程序的 esp_app_desc_t 结构体，请调用 esp_app_get_description()。

要获取另一个 OTA 分区的 esp_app_desc_t 结构体，请调用 esp_ota_get_partition_description()。

向应用程序添加自定义结构体

也可以自定义类似的结构体，并使其相对于镜像起始位置有一个固定的偏移量。

采用以下方式向镜像添加自定义结构体：

const __attribute__((section(".rodata_custom_desc"))) esp_custom_app_desc_t custom_app_desc = { ... }

自定义结构体的偏移量为 sizeof(esp_image_header_t) + sizeof(esp_image_segment_header_t) + sizeof(esp_app_desc_t)。

需在 CMakeLists.txt 中添加 target_link_libraries(${COMPONENT_TARGET} "-u custom_app_desc")，确保自定义结构体在未使用时也位于镜像中。

API 参考

Header File

  • components/bootloader_support/include/esp_app_format.h

  • This header file can be included with:

    #include "esp_app_format.h"

  • This header file is a part of the API provided by the bootloader_support component. To declare that your component depends on bootloader_support, add the following to your CMakeLists.txt:

    REQUIRES bootloader_support

    or

    PRIV_REQUIRES bootloader_support

Structures

struct esp_image_header_t

Main header of binary image.

Public Members

uint8_t magic

Magic word ESP_IMAGE_HEADER_MAGIC

uint8_t segment_count

Count of memory segments

uint8_t spi_mode

flash read mode (esp_image_spi_mode_t as uint8_t)

uint8_t spi_speed

flash frequency (esp_image_spi_freq_t as uint8_t)

uint8_t spi_size

flash chip size (esp_image_flash_size_t as uint8_t)

uint32_t entry_addr

Entry address

uint8_t wp_pin

WP pin when SPI pins set via efuse (read by ROM bootloader, the IDF bootloader uses software to configure the WP pin and sets this field to 0xEE=disabled)

uint8_t spi_pin_drv[3]

Drive settings for the SPI flash pins (read by ROM bootloader)

esp_chip_id_t chip_id

Chip identification number

uint8_t min_chip_rev

Minimal chip revision supported by image After the Major and Minor revision eFuses were introduced into the chips, this field is no longer used. But for compatibility reasons, we keep this field and the data in it. Use min_chip_rev_full instead. The software interprets this as a Major version for most of the chips and as a Minor version for the ESP32-C3.

uint16_t min_chip_rev_full

Minimal chip revision supported by image, in format: major * 100 + minor

uint16_t max_chip_rev_full

Maximal chip revision supported by image, in format: major * 100 + minor

uint8_t reserved[4]

Reserved bytes in additional header space, currently unused

uint8_t hash_appended

If 1, a SHA256 digest "simple hash" (of the entire image) is appended after the checksum. Included in image length. This digest is separate to secure boot and only used for detecting corruption. For secure boot signed images, the signature is appended after this (and the simple hash is included in the signed data).

struct esp_image_segment_header_t

Header of binary image segment.

Public Members

uint32_t load_addr

Address of segment

uint32_t data_len

Length of data

Macros

ESP_IMAGE_HEADER_MAGIC

The magic word for the esp_image_header_t structure.

ESP_IMAGE_MAX_SEGMENTS

Max count of segments in the image.

Enumerations

enum esp_chip_id_t

ESP chip ID.

Values:

enumerator ESP_CHIP_ID_ESP32

chip ID: ESP32

enumerator ESP_CHIP_ID_ESP32S2

chip ID: ESP32-S2

enumerator ESP_CHIP_ID_ESP32C3

chip ID: ESP32-C3

enumerator ESP_CHIP_ID_ESP32S3

chip ID: ESP32-S3

enumerator ESP_CHIP_ID_ESP32C2

chip ID: ESP32-C2

enumerator ESP_CHIP_ID_ESP32C6

chip ID: ESP32-C6

enumerator ESP_CHIP_ID_ESP32H2

chip ID: ESP32-H2

enumerator ESP_CHIP_ID_ESP32P4

chip ID: ESP32-P4

enumerator ESP_CHIP_ID_ESP32C5

chip ID: ESP32-C5

enumerator ESP_CHIP_ID_ESP32C61

chip ID: ESP32-C61

enumerator ESP_CHIP_ID_ESP32H21

chip ID: ESP32-H21

enumerator ESP_CHIP_ID_ESP32H4

chip ID: ESP32-H4

enumerator ESP_CHIP_ID_INVALID

Invalid chip ID (we defined it to make sure the esp_chip_id_t is 2 bytes size)

enum esp_image_spi_mode_t

SPI flash mode, used in esp_image_header_t.

Values:

enumerator ESP_IMAGE_SPI_MODE_QIO

SPI mode QIO

enumerator ESP_IMAGE_SPI_MODE_QOUT

SPI mode QOUT

enumerator ESP_IMAGE_SPI_MODE_DIO

SPI mode DIO

enumerator ESP_IMAGE_SPI_MODE_DOUT

SPI mode DOUT

enumerator ESP_IMAGE_SPI_MODE_FAST_READ

SPI mode FAST_READ

enumerator ESP_IMAGE_SPI_MODE_SLOW_READ

SPI mode SLOW_READ

enum esp_image_spi_freq_t

SPI flash clock division factor.

Values:

enumerator ESP_IMAGE_SPI_SPEED_DIV_2

The SPI flash clock frequency is divided by 2 of the clock source

enumerator ESP_IMAGE_SPI_SPEED_DIV_3

The SPI flash clock frequency is divided by 3 of the clock source

enumerator ESP_IMAGE_SPI_SPEED_DIV_4

The SPI flash clock frequency is divided by 4 of the clock source

enumerator ESP_IMAGE_SPI_SPEED_DIV_1

The SPI flash clock frequency equals to the clock source

enum esp_image_flash_size_t

Supported SPI flash sizes.

Values:

enumerator ESP_IMAGE_FLASH_SIZE_1MB

SPI flash size 1 MB

enumerator ESP_IMAGE_FLASH_SIZE_2MB

SPI flash size 2 MB

enumerator ESP_IMAGE_FLASH_SIZE_4MB

SPI flash size 4 MB

enumerator ESP_IMAGE_FLASH_SIZE_8MB

SPI flash size 8 MB

enumerator ESP_IMAGE_FLASH_SIZE_16MB

SPI flash size 16 MB

enumerator ESP_IMAGE_FLASH_SIZE_32MB

SPI flash size 32 MB

enumerator ESP_IMAGE_FLASH_SIZE_64MB

SPI flash size 64 MB

enumerator ESP_IMAGE_FLASH_SIZE_128MB

SPI flash size 128 MB

enumerator ESP_IMAGE_FLASH_SIZE_MAX

SPI flash size MAX

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